[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":474},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-the-technological-future-of-surgery":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":210,"relatedBooks":357},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":39,"project_category":52,"contact_email_category":58,"yst_prominent_words":59,"class_list":74,"better_featured_image":106,"acf":139,"yoast_meta":154,"_links":157},14811,"2024-07-18T09:30:00","2024-07-18T07:30:00",{"rendered":9},"http:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?p=14811","2024-07-18T09:16:06","2024-07-18T07:16:06","the-technological-future-of-surgery","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-technological-future-of-surgery",{"rendered":17},"The Technological Future Of Surgery",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.\u003C\u002Fem>” This quote by Arthur C. Clarke pretty much sums up the future of surgery. It offers fantastic cooperation between humans and technology, which could elevate the level of precision and efficiency of surgeries so high we have never seen before. AI, surgical robots, 3D printing and new imaging methods are already \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2021\u002F04\u002F30\u002Ftechnology\u002Frobot-surgery-surgeon.html\" target=\"_blank\">used on a wide scale\u003C\u002Fa> of procedures. But there’s much more to the future of surgery than that. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although robotic-assisted surgeries are not yet the mainstream way of operating patients, these procedures are \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rcseng.ac.uk\u002Fstandards-and-research\u002Fstandards-and-guidance\u002Fgood-practice-guides\u002Frobotic-assisted-surgery\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">already used in 70+ countries\u003C\u002Fa> around the world, millions of times each year. According to some \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.strategicmarketresearch.com\u002Fblogs\u002Frobotic-surgery-statistics#:~:text=Between%202012%20and%202022%2C%20the%20percentage%20of%20general%20surgery%20procedures,from%201.8%25%20to%2017%25.&text=Robotic%20surgery%20is%20becoming%20increasingly,for%2070.6%25%20of%20total%20surgery.\" target=\"_blank\">widely used – although hard to source\u003C\u002Fa> – statistics, some 15-20% of the surgeries in the United States have robotic assistance.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>With AI technologies rising, surgeons can enlist additional technological aids, as algorithms will certainly play a role in their future lives, from helping in surgical planning to designing custom implants. It is time to see how new technologies will transform this medical specialty.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Here, I collected the technologies that will significantly impact the future of surgery.\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step zero: surgeons to rethink their profession\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Before touching base with technology, we need to think about the human quotient of the department. Surgeons bear huge responsibilities: they might cause irreparable damage and medical miracles with one incision on the patient’s body. With the rise of digital technologies, the operating rooms and surgeons are inundated with new devices to make the least cuts possible. We need to deal with these new surgical technologies to make everyone understand that they extend the capabilities of surgeons instead of replacing them.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Surgeons also tend to alienate themselves from patients. Human touch is not necessarily the quintessence of their work; however, as technological solutions find their way into their practice taking over part of their repetitive tasks, it would make sense to rethink their stance. Treating patients with empathy before and after surgery would ensure their services are irreplaceable also in the age of robotics and artificial intelligence. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\n\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-full\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_264-01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34321\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_264-01.png 1920w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_264-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_264-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_264-01-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>1) Virtual reality\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In April 2016, cancer surgeon Shafi Ahmed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Ftechnology\u002F2016\u002Fapr\u002F14\u002Fcutting-edge-theatre-worlds-first-virtual-reality-operation-goes-live\">performed an operation\u003C\u002Fa> using a VR camera at the Royal London Hospital. It was a huge step for surgery, and anyone could \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.medicalrealities.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">participate in it,\u003C\u002Fa> in real time. Ever since, companies like \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fossovr.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Osso VR\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.immersivetouch.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">ImmersiveTouch\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Foramavr.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">OramaVR\u003C\u002Fa> or \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fundamentalvr.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Fundamental VR\u003C\u002Fa> have used VR as both training or imaging solutions.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>VR can elevate the teaching and learning experience in medicine to a whole new level, replacing students peeking over the surgeon’s shoulder during an operation. By using VR, surgeons can stream operations, allowing medical students to be in the OR virtually, using their VR goggles. Helping doctors practise procedures or life-saving moves is invaluable. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Beyond surgical training, VR can also be used to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalgiving.stanford.edu\u002Fnews\u002Fvirtual-reality-system-helps-surgeons-reassures-patients.html\" target=\"_blank\">help patients understand their procedures\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1002\u002Fcncr.35282\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">manage pain and anxiety\u003C\u002Fa>. The technology has the potential to improve patient outcomes by allowing for better pre-operative planning and more precise surgical execution.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>And although this hasn’t (yet) become the norm in medical training or education over the past years, leading universities and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.studyinternational.com\u002Fnews\u002Fvirtual-reality-technology-medicine\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">institutions\u003C\u002Fa> certainly \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hcinnovationgroup.com\u002Fhome\u002Farticle\u002F13011124\u002Fmayo-clinic-becomes-first-us-institution-to-train-surgeons-with-fundamental-surgery-vr-haptic-simulations\" target=\"_blank\">make use of the technology.\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Even more: virtual reality training can contribute to the efficiency of healthcare systems in rural areas, just as the Orlando Medical Institute is delivering \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wfmz.com\u002Fnews\u002Fpr_newswire\u002Fpr_newswire_health\u002Fgroundbreaking-pediatric-training-tour-uses-virtual-reality-to-improve-emergency-care-for-children-by-rural\u002Farticle_19f1693f-6723-5205-8624-6d6d96f3f489.html\" target=\"_blank\">emergency medical training\u003C\u002Fa> in Florida for pediatric emergencies. This is the future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"One-Minute Challenge: Virtual Reality - The Medical Futurist\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FIVfmkds2PcQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Augmented reality\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As there is a lot of confusion around \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F6-healthcare-examples-of-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality\" target=\"_blank\">VR and AR, not to mention MR\u003C\u002Fa>, let me clarify: AR differs from VR in two essential features. AR users do not lose touch with reality, while VR completely shields you from the physical world. Mixed reality combines the features of VR and AR. And if you hear someone talking about XR (or extended reality): this is the umbrella term for all the before-mentioned realities.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>These distinctive features have a huge potential in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnews.hss.edu\u002Fmore-than-the-eye-can-see-hospital-for-special-surgery-first-in-nys-to-use-augmented-reality-guidance-in-spine-surgery\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">helping surgeons\u003C\u002Fa> become more efficient at surgeries. Whether they are conducting a minimally invasive procedure or locating a tumour in the liver, AR healthcare apps can help save lives and treat patients seamlessly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"INSIGHT HEART on Apple Vision Pro\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FZDQroB3hVaw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The first AR-backed spinal fusion surgery took place in 2020 in the U.S., where an FDA-approved AR Guidance system \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Forthospinenews.com\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F11\u002Ffirst-augmented-reality-spine-surgery-using-fda-cleared-augmedics-xvision-spine-system-completed-in-u-s\u002F\">helped surgeons visualise\u003C\u002Fa> the 3D spinal anatomy of a patient during surgery – it was just as if doctors had X-ray vision. The team at the Johns Hopkins Hospital praised the tool for accuracy, safety and operating efficiency. Another company, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.propriovision.com\" target=\"_blank\">Proprio\u003C\u002Fa> supports medical professionals by creating AI-supported ultra-precise 3D images.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>EchoPixel’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.echopixeltech.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">True 3D medical visualisation system\u003C\u002Fa> allows doctors to interact with patient-specific organs and tissue in an open 3D space. It enables doctors to identify, evaluate, and dissect clinically significant structures immediately.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"One-minute Challenge: Augmented Reality - The Medical Futurist\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FxUaBrgsHkPs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>3) Surgical robotics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Surgical robots today have 3D cameras that record operations. The video streams to a computer screen somewhere nearby beyond a plexiglass as the doctor \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2021\u002F04\u002F30\u002Ftechnology\u002Frobot-surgery-surgeon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">proceeds with the operation\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F8-exciting-medical-robot-facts\" target=\"_blank\">Surgical robots are the prodigies of surgery\u003C\u002Fa>. The most commonly known surgical robot is the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intuitive.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fproducts-and-services\u002Fda-vinci\u002F5\" target=\"_blank\">da Vinci surgical system,\u003C\u002Fa> and, believe it or not, it was introduced 25 years ago! It features a magnified 3D high-definition vision system and tiny wristed instruments that bend and rotate far more than the human hand. With Intuitive’s da Vinci, surgeons operate through just a few small incisions – no wonder that it has been used in over 14 million procedures worldwide to date. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Within this procedure, the surgeon is 100% in control of the robotic system at all times. The robot’s added value is to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wsj.com\u002Farticles\u002Fautonomous-robots-are-coming-to-the-operating-room-11599786000?mod=article_inline\" target=\"_blank\">assist the surgeon\u003C\u002Fa> in suturing, dissecting and retracting tissue. Surgical robots can dramatically increase \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.utsouthwestern.edu\u002Fnewsroom\u002Farticles\u002Fyear-2024\u002Fjan-robotic-surgery-colon-cancer-patients.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">operations’ precision\u003C\u002Fa>, but the real breakthrough will only come with entirely autonomous robots in the operating rooms. That’ll probably take a while, but there’s definitely a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmedical-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">place for robots in healthcare\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Frobotics-healthcare\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">.\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\n\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-full\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F12\u002F229_tmf-01.png\" alt=\"Robot draws blood\" class=\"wp-image-31673\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F12\u002F229_tmf-01.png 1920w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F12\u002F229_tmf-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F12\u002F229_tmf-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F12\u002F229_tmf-01-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F12\u002F229_tmf-01-2048x1152.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>4) Minimally invasive surgery\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the 18th century, after Edison produced his lightbulb, a Glasgow physician \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.theatlantic.com\u002Fhealth\u002Farchive\u002F2014\u002F10\u002Fthe-future-of-surgery-less-cutting-more-robots\u002F381003\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">built a tiny bulb\u003C\u002Fa> into a tube to look around inside the body. But it wasn’t until the second half of the 20th century that fibre-optic threads brought brighter light into the caverns of the body. Even later, tiny computer chip cameras started sending images back out. Finally, doctors could not only clearly see inside a person’s body without making a long incision but could also use tiny tools to perform surgery inside. One of the techniques revolutionising surgery was the introduction of laparoscopes and then endoscopes.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Minimally invasive surgery allows fewer but more precise cuts and fewer incisions, leading to less pain and faster recovery. The medical device start-up \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Flevita.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Levita\u003C\u002Fa> aims to refine such procedures with its FDA-approved \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.massdevice.com\u002Flevita-magnetics-fda-clearance-mars-surgical-robot\u002F#:~:text=Levita%20Magnetics%20wins%20FDA%20clearance%20for%20magnetic%2Dassisted%20surgical%20robot,-August%2022%2C%202023&text=The%20MARS%20surgical%20robot%20system,magnetic%2Dassisted%20robotic%20surgery%20platform.\" target=\"_blank\">MARS Magnetic Surgical System\u003C\u002Fa>. This innovative technological platform utilises magnetic retraction during laparoscopic surgery. The company has come a long way in the past few years, their first FDA approval was for a solution for laparoscopic gallbladder removal, while MARS is aimed to assist a wide range of abdominal surgical procedures. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vicarioussurgical.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vicarious Surgical\u003C\u002Fa>, a next-generation surgical robotics company, aims to increase the efficiency of surgical procedures. The Vicarious system has an exceptional reach and the ability to “replicate” all the moves of a surgeon – and more. It creates a single incision just 1.5 cm across that still allows through two robotic arms and a camera.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Future of Surgery\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FE81gsTHDruI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>5) 3D printing and simulations in pre-operative planning and education\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complicated and risky surgeries lasting hours need a lot of careful planning. Existing technologies such as 3D printing or various simulation techniques help a lot in reforming medical practice and learning methods, as well as modelling and planning successfully complex surgical procedures.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In March 2016, in China, a team of \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F5-jaw-drapping-stories-of-digital-health-technology-saving-lives\u002F\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">experienced doctors decided\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to build a full-sized model of the heart of a small baby born with a heart defect. They pre-planned an extremely complicated surgery on the tiny heart. This was the first time someone used this method in China. The team of medical professionals successfully \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002F3dprint.com\u002F124954\u002F3d-printed-heart-saves-baby\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">completed the surgery\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The little boy survived with little to no lasting ill-effects.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers at Penn State University have been\u003C\u002Fspan> working on skin and bone bioprinting\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for at least a decade. They have \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.psu.edu\u002Fnews\u002Fresearch\u002Fstory\u002Fskin-and-bones-repaired-bioprinting-during-surgery\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">repaired skin and bones by bioprinting\u003C\u002Fa> during surgery in rat models. Face and skull injuries are particularly difficult to fix as there are many layers of various tissues. During such operations, Ibrahim T. Ozbolat, Hartz Family Career Development Associate Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Biomedical Engineering and Neurosurgery, Penn State and his team printed both bone and soft tissue. “\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ci>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It took less than 5 minutes for the bioprinter to lay down the bone layer and soft tissue,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">” the professor explained. They hope to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnews.engr.psu.edu\u002F2023\u002Fozbolat-ibrahim-high-speed-bioprinting-nih-grant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">translate this research\u003C\u002Fa> to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.psu.edu\u002Fnews\u002Fresearch\u002Fstory\u002F3d-printed-skin-closes-wounds-and-contains-hair-follicle-precursors\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">human applications\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\n\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-full\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_249-01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33403\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_249-01.png 1920w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_249-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_249-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_249-01-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\u003Cp>3D printing technology also started to get a \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fuk-england-nottinghamshire-68734814\" target=\"_blank\">foothold in medical education\u003C\u002Fa>. To provide surgeons and students with an alternative to a living human being to work on, a pair of physicians at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fnewatlas.com\u002Fartificial-organs-bleed-realistic\u002F46538\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">developed a way\u003C\u002Fa> to use 3D printing to create artificial organs back in 2016. They looked, felt, and even bled like the real thing. Ever since 3D printing has been taking over institutes as it increases future physicians’ more profound understanding of anatomy and pathology, leads to a better understanding of the procedures and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41598-024-59351-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">improves trainee skill set\u003C\u002Fa> and confidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>We’ve been hearing about 3D-printing in medicine for a while now, but progress has been slow so far – mostly due to the high costs. This might start to change. \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stratasys.com\u002Fen\u002Findustries-and-applications\u002F3d-printing-industries\u002Fmedical\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Stratasys\u003C\u002Fa> has announced a 3D printer that is targeted at hospitals, medical device manufacturers and research institutions, designed for the production of realistic, patient-specific anatomic models. \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.materialise.com\u002Fen\u002Facademy\u002Fhealthcare\u002Ftraining\" target=\"_blank\">Materialise offers\u003C\u002Fa> 3D Printing in Medicine Course as hands-on training for hospitals to train personnel about the technology and what it can do in a hospital setting.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) Remote surgery\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Remote or telesurgery lies in the intersection of 5G, robotic technology and wireless networking. In the long run, it might be redefining the field enabling surgeons to perform operations on patients who are geographically distant. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>This addresses many traditional pain points: the need for physical presence and the logistical challenges of scheduling, and allows real-time collaboration among surgeons across the globe, thus improving accuracy and outcomes. This advanced technology, theoretically, allows high-quality surgical care to reach medically underserved areas, including rural regions, battlefields, and remote environments like submarines and space stations.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Despite its transformative potential, telesurgery faces several limitations and challenges. High initial costs and maintenance expenses can be prohibitive, and there are significant concerns regarding patient safety and data privacy. The risk of cyber-attacks and unstable internet connections can jeopardize the integrity and success of surgical procedures. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7) AI’s growing influence \u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Artificial Intelligence will revolutionise the surgical profession, impacting every stage of the surgical pathway, from \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fkarger.com\u002Fesr\u002Farticle\u002F65\u002F1\u002F22\u002F894518\u002FArtificial-Intelligence-in-Surgery-The-Future-Is\" target=\"_blank\">pre-operative planning to post-operative care\u003C\u002Fa>, enhancing decision-making and improving patient outcomes.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the pre-operative phase, AI can aid in early and accurate diagnosis by analysing medical images, identifying potential risk factors, and suggesting personalised treatment plans. Intraoperatively, AI-powered tools can provide real-time guidance to surgeons, augmenting their skills and precision. Post-operatively, AI can monitor patient recovery, predict complications, and facilitate efficient discharge planning.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, algorithms will not only impact the surroundings of the operating room. They will also streamline administrative tasks, optimise resource allocation, and enhance surgical training and education. By automating routine tasks, AI frees up valuable time for surgeons to focus on complex decision-making and patient care. Additionally, AI-powered simulations can provide surgeons with immersive training experiences, honing their skills in a risk-free environment.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The integration of AI with robotics, sensors, and other cutting-edge technologies \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.news-medical.net\u002Fnews\u002F20230508\u002FAI-in-surgery-A-double-edged-scalpel.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">promises to redefine surgical procedures\u003C\u002Fa>, making them less invasive, more precise, and ultimately more successful. However, the growing reliance on AI also raises ethical considerations. Ensuring patient privacy and data security is paramount, as is addressing potential biases in AI algorithms. It is crucial to establish clear guidelines and regulations for the responsible use of AI in surgery.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The future of surgery lies in the collaboration between human expertise and AI capabilities. By harnessing the power of AI, surgeons can enhance their skills, optimize decision-making, and ultimately deliver better care to their patients. The integration of AI into the surgical profession holds the promise of a new era of precision, efficiency, and improved patient outcomes.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The key: human-technology cooperation\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The future of surgery, just as the future of medicine, means close cooperation between humans and medical technology. I cannot stress enough that robots and other products of rapid technological development will not replace humans – instead, those medical professionals using \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F5-reasons-artificial-intelligence-wont-replace-physicians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AI will replace\u003C\u002Fa> the ones who don’t. The two will complement each other’s work in such a successful way that we have never seen nor dreamed about before. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">But only if we learn how to do so.\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C!-- \u002Fwp:post-content -->\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>\u003C!-- \u002Fwp:paragraph -->\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ch3>Learn more about the technological future of medical specialities from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanpub.com\u002Ffuture-of-medical-specialties\">our e-book\u003C\u002Fa>!\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23819 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F0415_tmfs_mockup.png\" alt=\"future of medical specialties\" width=\"3200\" height=\"1800\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F0415_tmfs_mockup.png 1920w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F0415_tmfs_mockup-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F0415_tmfs_mockup-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F0415_tmfs_mockup-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F0415_tmfs_mockup-2048x1152.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3200px) 100vw, 3200px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C!-- wp:html -->\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Dr. Bertalan Mesko, PhD, the Director of The Medical Futurist Institute, launched The Medical Futurist to help individuals, companies, and governments understand how digital health technologies bring healthcare into the 21st century.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u003Cem>“Digital health technologies empower patients to become proactive in their life; empower medical professionals to do their job being supported by advanced technologies, and companies and policymakers to make better decisions about their future.” – Dr. Bertalan Meskó\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>To support this transformation, Dr. Meskó and The Medical Futurist team is working relentlessly analyzing the latest trends in digital health and bringing insights to the 800,000+ readers and followers of our publications, along these principles:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #e71d3299;\">\u003Cstrong>The Medical Futurist is a place to learn, not a place for advertising\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>. The Medical Futurist team is working to bring you unlimited access to reliable, neutral information, that is free from the influence of vendors and companies.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: #e71d3299;\">\u003Cstrong>Unlike many others, we keep 99% of The Medical Futurist content open for all readers\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. We do this because we believe in information equality, where everyone deserves to read accurate news and thoughtful analysis.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>We commit to high-impact reporting that helps people navigate the jungle of digital health and to see where it is heading. With no shareholders or billionaire owners, we set our agenda and provide unbiased insights that are free from commercial and political influence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003C!-- \u002Fwp:html -->\u003C\u002Fp>",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>The future of surgery offers an amazing cooperation between humans and technology, through which surgeries reach high levels of precision and efficiency.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,34403,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38],504,493,521,490,499,516,512,514,[40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51],445,130,134,144,145,205,246,377,519,423,425,625,[53,54,55,56,57],947,948,949,950,952,[],[60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73],1883,2133,2145,2389,2405,1617,3201,1721,3229,1723,3825,1739,1787,1833,[75,14,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105],"post-14811","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-augmented-reality","category-future-medicine","category-future-of-pharma","category-healthcare-design","category-medical-education","category-robotics","category-virtual-reality","tag-virtual-reality","tag-3d-printing-2","tag-ai","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-augmented-reality-2","tag-diagnostics","tag-future","tag-robotics-2","tag-gc4","tag-surgery","tag-technology-2","tag-surgical-robot","project_category-company","project_category-developers","project_category-educators","project_category-medical-professionals","project_category-policy-makers",{"id":24,"alt_text":27,"caption":27,"description":107,"media_type":108,"media_details":109,"post":137,"source_url":138},"The future of surgery robot robotic robotic-assisted TMF ","image",{"width":110,"height":111,"file":112,"sizes":113,"image_meta":135},1920,1080,"2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_267-01.png",{"medium":114,"large":120,"thumbnail":125,"medium_large":129,"1536x1536":130},{"file":115,"width":116,"height":117,"mime-type":118,"source_url":119},"tmf_article_267-01-370x208.png","370","208","image\u002Fpng","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_267-01-370x208.png",{"file":121,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":118,"source_url":124},"tmf_article_267-01-768x432.png","768","432","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_267-01-768x432.png",{"file":126,"width":127,"height":127,"mime-type":118,"source_url":128},"tmf_article_267-01-150x150.png","150","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_267-01-150x150.png",{"file":121,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":118,"source_url":124},{"file":131,"width":132,"height":133,"mime-type":118,"source_url":134},"tmf_article_267-01-1536x864.png","1536","864","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_267-01-1536x864.png",{"aperture":136,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":136,"copyright":27,"focal_length":136,"iso":136,"shutter_speed":136,"title":27,"orientation":136},"0",34359,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F05\u002Ftmf_article_267-01.png",{"related_posts":20,"related_posts_footer":140,"subtitle":27,"cta_type":143,"cta_color":27,"related_books":144,"key_takeaways":147},[141,142],17884,24354,"subscribe",[145,146],24759,24762,[148,150,152],{"title":149},"\u003Cp>Technological advancements, including robotics, AI, and digital health, will fundamentally transform the surgical profession.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"title":151},"\u003Cp>To preserve the human component, surgeons may need to place greater emphasis on doctor-patient relationships, communication, and empathy.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"title":153},"\u003Cp>There is a significant gap between theoretically possible outcomes and realistically expected results in the mid-term, especially outside of top-tier clinics in the wealthiest countries.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"yoast_wpseo_title":155,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":156,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"The Technological Future Of Surgery - The Medical Futurist","The future of surgery offers an amazing cooperation between humans and technology, through which surgeries reach high levels of precision and efficiency.",{"self":158,"collection":164,"about":167,"author":170,"replies":173,"version-history":176,"predecessor-version":180,"wp:featuredmedia":184,"wp:attachment":187,"wp:term":190,"curies":206},[159],{"href":160,"targetHints":161},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F14811",{"allow":162},[163],"GET",[165],{"href":166},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[168],{"href":169},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[171],{"embeddable":26,"href":172},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[174],{"embeddable":26,"href":175},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=14811",[177],{"count":178,"href":179},43,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F14811\u002Frevisions",[181],{"id":182,"href":183},57055,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F14811\u002Frevisions\u002F57055",[185],{"embeddable":26,"href":186},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F34403",[188],{"href":189},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=14811",[191,194,197,200,203],{"taxonomy":192,"embeddable":26,"href":193},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=14811",{"taxonomy":195,"embeddable":26,"href":196},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=14811",{"taxonomy":198,"embeddable":26,"href":199},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=14811",{"taxonomy":201,"embeddable":26,"href":202},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=14811",{"taxonomy":204,"embeddable":26,"href":205},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=14811",[207],{"name":208,"href":209,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[211],{"id":142,"date":212,"date_gmt":213,"guid":214,"modified":216,"modified_gmt":217,"slug":218,"status":13,"type":14,"link":219,"title":220,"content":222,"excerpt":224,"author":23,"featured_media":226,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":227,"categories":228,"tags":230,"project_category":242,"contact_email_category":243,"yst_prominent_words":244,"class_list":259,"better_featured_image":273,"acf":299,"yoast_meta":313,"_links":315},"2025-03-03T10:27:50","2025-03-03T09:27:50",{"rendered":215},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=24354&_wpnonce=c8a1f4ec72&status=auto-draft&type=post","2025-03-03T10:28:00","2025-03-03T09:28:00","rfid-implant-chip","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Frfid-implant-chip",{"rendered":221},"Everything You Need To Know Before Getting An RFID Implant",{"rendered":223,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>What if you could open your front door or unlock your car just by raising your hand? Never having to trouble yourself \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechxplore.com\u002Fnews\u002F2021-12-swedish-company-covid-skin.html\" target=\"_blank\">with your medical documents\u003C\u002Fa>? Or remembering where you’ve put \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-61008730\" target=\"_blank\">your wallet\u003C\u002Fa>. What about sending your LinkedIn profile or a dancing monkey GIF to a phone just by holding it? And what about turning on a coffee machine by pointing to it? \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>This is not the future anymore. Wannabe cyborgs with little RFID chips under their skin are living with us: some \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgnnguidepost.org\u002F8251\u002Funcategorized\u002Fa-fictional-reality-human-microchipping\u002F#:~:text=Now%2C%20people%20have%20the%20ability,number%20has%20been%20increasing%20rapidly.\" target=\"_blank\">fifty-thousand people have implanted\u003C\u002Fa> the tiny devices already under their skin to be able to have simpler access to buildings or (other people’s) phones. Do you want to join the cyborg community? Here’s what you should know about RFID chips before you implant them into your body.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should You Get An RFID Implant? \u002F Episode 2 - The Medical Futurist\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FGs0bVs8QuWE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Captain Cyborg and the RFID implant\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techtarget.com\u002Fiotagenda\u002Fdefinition\u002FRFID-radio-frequency-identification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology\u003C\u002Fa> has been around for decades. It uses radio waves to exchange data between a tag (embedded with an antenna and integrated circuit) and a reader. RFID tags come in various types – passive, active, and semi-passive – and operate on different frequency bands, each with its own strengths and limitations.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>RFID has a wide range of applications, from tracking luggage and identifying pets to managing inventory in retail stores and even monitoring medical equipment in hospitals. It’s also becoming increasingly prevalent in the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling everyday objects to communicate with each other. You probably already have a personal RFID chip \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nerdwallet.com\u002Farticle\u002Fcredit-cards\u002Fwhat-is-an-rfid-credit-card-and-does-it-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in your credit card\u003C\u002Fa>, and they are increasingly used for access control, contactless payments, and even social interactions.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theatlantic.com\u002Ftechnology\u002Farchive\u002F2018\u002F09\u002Fhow-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-the-microchip\u002F570946\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">The first-ever human to receive an RFID microchip implant\u003C\u002Fa> was British scientist Kevin Warwick (known by the moniker “Captain Cyborg”) in 1998. \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002F@molinforuvai\u002Fbrain-implants-to-improve-our-memory-antenna-to-transmit-electromagnetic-signals-directly-to-our-2f1e57c9a380\" target=\"_blank\">This experiment\u003C\u002Fa> allowed a computer to monitor Warwick as he moved through halls and offices of the Department of Cybernetics at the University of Reading, using a unique identifying signal emitted by the implanted chip. He could operate doors, lights, heaters and other computers without lifting a finger. Approximately two decades later, the technology has been made commercially available, and tens of thousands of people decided to implant an RFID chip. For example, groups of people have been meeting at \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Ftechnology-30144072\" target=\"_blank\">“implant parties,”\u003C\u002Fa> often organized by larger companies, to hook up. It’s especially popular in Sweden, where more than 4,000 individuals can take pride in opening doors by only lifting their hands. So, why is the rush? And why should you consider implanting one?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-man.png\" alt=\"TMF Cyborg man RFID impant\" class=\"wp-image-56527\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-man.png 1280w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-man-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-man-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Congratulations, you’ve been RFID-chipped!\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the future, an RFID chip implanted into your hand, between your thumb and your index finger on the back of your hand, could contain a lot of useful information – that you usually carry around in your wallet or purse. It could \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.richardvanhooijdonk.com\u002Fen\u002Fhuman-microchipping-the-benefits-and-downsides\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">transmit your identity information\u003C\u002Fa> as you walk through a security checkpoint, enable you to use public transport, and make long lines at the supermarket checkout a thing of the past. You wouldn’t have to worry about losing your most important documents or your wallet ever again – and ‘within hand’s reach’ will most certainly have a second layer of meaning. Moreover, imagine that in a medical emergency situation, the first responders only have to scan your hand to get to know every valuable bit of medical data about you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>We are obviously not there yet. Although the technology has ripened significantly in recent years, even the most advanced chips still have limitations. Modern RFID chips typically store more data than earlier versions, though the increase in capacity has been gradual. However, according to user reviews, they can serve multiple functions. “I use my microchip to store my medical records and work portfolio, as well as to use it as a crypto wallet and to unlock doors” – says Brandon Dalaly about his implant \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vice.com\u002Fen\u002Farticle\u002Fwxd8j4\u002Finside-an-online-community-of-people-with-microchip-implants\" target=\"_blank\">in this article\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.popsci.com\u002Fmy-boring-cyborg-implant\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">In theory\u003C\u002Fa>, you could connect it to your bank account, your transit card for use in the subway, or to pay at the grocery store. The challenge remains that many systems are not yet designed to integrate seamlessly with such implants. However, upgrades to these systems are expected in the near future to support RFID chip functionality. In any case, if you find using entrance cards to access your office outdated, you might convince your boss to order RFID chips from \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdangerousthings.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Dangerous Things\u003C\u002Fa>, an online store that sells various implantable transponders, and the place where most people buy their implants. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Dangerous? Hackable? Limiting? – The hazards of RFID\nchips\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Before you hit the order button on \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdangerousthings.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fultron\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Dangerous Things\u003C\u002Fa> website to order some implants, there are several things to think through as an RFID implant isn’t a temporary tattoo, which can be removed by taking ten showers. That’s actually one of the most problematic parts of these chips: who is going to implant it, how safe it is for your health, and how do you remove it? \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medical Concerns\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jhsgo.org\u002Farticle\u002FS2589-5141(24)00057-4\u002Ffulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recent study\u003C\u002Fa> sheds light on the increasing prevalence and potential complications of RFID implants in humans. It highlights that while these implants are becoming popular for tasks like contactless payments, opening doors, and storing personal information, there are significant safety concerns. The study points out that most implants are currently performed by non-medical professionals, raising the risk of infections and adverse tissue reactions. It calls for more involvement from medical professionals, particularly hand surgeons, to develop standardized techniques for implanting these devices safely and effectively. The study underscores the need for further research to better understand the long-term implications of RFID implants in human health.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Dangerous Things recommends their \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdangerousthings.com\u002Fpartners\" target=\"_blank\">professional body piercing or body modification partners\u003C\u002Fa> to complete the installation of this product, but definitely someone with experience performing aseptic procedures. Thus, you should NOT experiment with implanting it yourself, and rather turn to a medical professional who conducts the procedure in a clean area with sterilized instruments to avoid the risk of infection. The company says that the pain level of the implantation of the chip is that of a bee sting or giving blood. The same is promised to be true for removing the RFID transponder. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fforum.dangerousthings.com\u002Ft\u002Fx-series-implantable-transponder-faq\u002F28#faq-mri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dangerous Things says\u003C\u002Fa> that the removal or replacement procedure is easy, you don’t have any interference issues with MRI, or get caught at the airport security gates, metal detectors or airport scanners due to your chip. In addition, the implants are pretty durable – you can easily fight supervillains all day long, the RFID chip will most probably not break. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Privacy and surveillance worries\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.popsci.com\u002Fmy-boring-cyborg-implant\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">RFID chips are not powerful enough to be tracked\u003C\u002Fa> – just as dogs cannot be tracked when they wander off – or to connect to any satellite, some have fears that such chips give corporations the possibility to have control over them. What if they could track users in the future? Would you want a chip in your hand if it could tell for how long it took you to have a shower or to go to work? Since most chips are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002Fsections\u002Fthetwo-way\u002F2017\u002F07\u002F25\u002F539265157\u002Fwisconsin-company-plans-to-start-implanting-chips-in-its-employees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">offered through big companies\u003C\u002Fa>, it’s just a matter of time until this happens.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are the chip implants hackable? \u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Some biohackers say that it’s very easy to hack an implant, so \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbsnews.com\u002Fnews\u002Fmicrochips-privacy-implants-biohacking\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">you’d rather not hide your life secrets in the implant’s memory\u003C\u002Fa>, but so far, we haven’t heard of major RFID chip hacks. On the other hand, we know of at least one individual who used \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Fstory\u002F20150515-i-hack-phones-with-touch-alone\" target=\"_blank\">the chip embedded into his hand to hack into other people’s phones\u003C\u002Fa>, so that might be a bigger concern. However, another idea that already surfaced among concerned potential users, namely that \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002F@kaylajheffernan\u002Fnfc-rfid-microchip-faqs-e0da70737efb#e4d1\" target=\"_blank\">your hands might be cut off\u003C\u002Fa> if someone wants to break into your house or office seems to be rather Black Mirror-ish than something to be worried about. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-hand.png\" alt=\"TMF cyborg hand RFID implant\" class=\"wp-image-56529\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-hand.png 1280w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-hand-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002Fcyborg-hand-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Am I really becoming a cyborg?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>On the other hand, implanted RFID chips, just as digital tattoos or chest patches already represent \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ffrom-human-to-cyborg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the second stage of cyborgization\u003C\u002Fa>, and that’s because no matter what Dangerous Things say, they cannot be removed as easily as your Flash T-shirt at the end of the day. Remember the bug in Neo’s stomach in the Matrix? He couldn’t have taken it out without help – but after some time, no lasting marks remained. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the second stage of augmentation, technology interacts with the human body in a way that it already has a lasting, but not irreversible impact. Although their removal might be problematic, implants, patches, and tattoos could be cut out and discarded. Some extreme examples, where removal might be more difficult than the user believes, already exist: \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002F@jerry.jalava\" target=\"_blank\">Jerry Javala\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-worlds-most-famous-real-life-cyborgs\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003C\u002Fa>let doctors \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffb.watch\u002FsGNpFfwpvP\u002F\">embed a USB port into his finger\u003C\u002Fa> prosthesis, but at the time being, RFID chips seem to be on the easier end of the spectrum.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>So, if you decide to get an RFID implant, you’ll still be very far from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-worlds-most-famous-real-life-cyborgs\">real-life cyborgs\u003C\u002Fa>, such as \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNeil_Harbisson\" target=\"_blank\">Neil Harbisson\u003C\u002Fa>, an artist born with achromatopsia or extreme colorblindness meaning he could only see in black-and-white. At first, he received his specialised electronic eye, his “eyeborg” to be able to render perceived colors as sounds on the musical scale. He is capable of experiencing colors beyond the scope of normal human perception: \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fartanddesign\u002F2014\u002Fmay\u002F06\u002Fneil-harbisson-worlds-first-cyborg-artist\" target=\"_blank\">Amy Winehouse is red and pink, while ringtones are green\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002F080_cyborg-1.png\" alt=\"RFID implant chip\" class=\"wp-image-23504\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002F080_cyborg-1.png 1920w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002F080_cyborg-1-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002F080_cyborg-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002F080_cyborg-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002F080_cyborg-1-512x288.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>All in all, the technology is very promising, although many might find the abilities that an RFID chip can do at the moment rather as geeky party tricks than useful everyday accessories making life easier. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Ca class=\"img\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\u002Fposts\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"311\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F04\u002FScreenshot-2020-04-02-at-13.35.51-768x311.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27373\"\u002F\u003C\u002Fa srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F04\u002FScreenshot-2020-04-02-at-13.35.51-768x311.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F04\u002FScreenshot-2020-04-02-at-13.35.51.png 1518w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":225,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>What if you could turn on a coffee machine by pointing to it? Wannabe-cyborgs with little RFID chips under their skin are living with us: tens of thousands of people implanted the tiny devices already under their skin to have simpler access to buildings or (other people’s) phones.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",42617,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[229,33],506,[231,232,233,234,235,236,46,237,238,239,240,241,50],630,1036,194,1037,206,1288,1428,271,1429,275,289,[],[],[245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,67,253,69,254,255,256,257,258],3245,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257,1719,3259,3265,3267,3241,3269,3243,3273,[260,14,76,77,78,79,80,261,83,262,263,264,265,266,267,95,268,269,270,271,272,99],"post-24354","category-cyborgization","tag-digital-technology","tag-digital-tattoo","tag-cyborg","tag-digital-tattoos","tag-digital","tag-implant","tag-chip","tag-health","tag-rfid","tag-healthcare","tag-innovation",{"id":226,"alt_text":274,"caption":27,"description":275,"media_type":108,"media_details":276,"post":142,"source_url":298},"RFID chip implant","RFID chip implant hand ",{"width":110,"height":111,"file":277,"sizes":278,"image_meta":297},"2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand.png",{"medium":279,"large":282,"thumbnail":285,"medium_large":288,"1536x1536":289,"2048x2048":292},{"file":280,"width":116,"height":117,"mime-type":118,"source_url":281},"RFID-chip-implant-in-hand-370x208.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand-370x208.png",{"file":283,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":118,"source_url":284},"RFID-chip-implant-in-hand-768x432.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand-768x432.png",{"file":286,"width":127,"height":127,"mime-type":118,"source_url":287},"RFID-chip-implant-in-hand-150x150.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand-150x150.png",{"file":283,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":118,"source_url":284},{"file":290,"width":132,"height":133,"mime-type":118,"source_url":291},"RFID-chip-implant-in-hand-1536x864.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand-1536x864.png",{"file":293,"width":294,"height":295,"mime-type":118,"source_url":296},"RFID-chip-implant-in-hand-2048x1152.png","2048","1152","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand-2048x1152.png",{"aperture":136,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":136,"copyright":27,"focal_length":136,"iso":136,"shutter_speed":136,"title":27,"orientation":136},"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F07\u002FRFID-chip-implant-in-hand.png",{"related_posts":20,"related_posts_footer":300,"cta_type":143,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":304,"key_takeaways":306},[301,302,303],56489,56371,10992,[146,145,305],34151,[307,309,311],{"title":308},"\u003Cp>Theoretically, RFID implants offer practical benefits as contactless payments, unlocking doors, and accessing medical data, with just a wave of your hand.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"title":310},"\u003Cp>However, the implants still face challenges such as safety concerns, potential infections, and limited data capacity.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"title":312},"\u003Cp>Ethical considerations surrounding privacy, surveillance, and potential discrimination must also be addressed – nevertheless, the idea offers a glimpse into a future where technology seamlessly integrates with our bodies.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"yoast_wpseo_title":221,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":314,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":219},"Are you ready for an RFID implant? Here’s everything what you should know about RFID chips before you implant them into your 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