[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":334},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-the-omics-universe-and-its-future":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":197,"relatedBooks":333},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":33,"project_category":53,"contact_email_category":54,"yst_prominent_words":55,"class_list":60,"better_featured_image":88,"acf":132,"yoast_meta":141,"_links":144},22646,"2019-01-05T14:22:37","2019-01-05T12:22:37",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F","2022-05-18T18:08:32","2022-05-18T16:08:32","the-omics-universe-and-its-future","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-omics-universe-and-its-future",{"rendered":17},"The OMICS Universe And Its Future",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2019. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The OMICS acronym crawled into the hive mind of the life science community as the Marvel universe onto the movie screens: slowly but successfully. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, methylomics or surfaceomics occupy a growing field of research in systems biology lately. It will be an even more significant strand in the future with practical ramifications, such as transcriptomic tests for disease risks. Thus, it is recommended to get familiar with the OMICS universe. Here’s a glimpse of it.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Systems biology and the messenger game\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>When I was in fourth grade, a fun game sometimes referred to as the ‘broken telephone game’ lighted up my school trips. We usually made long hiking trips in nature, which for me, an impersonator of Sheldon Cooper, seemed rather dull and an unnatural place of stay. We formed a line, and the one at the end of the row whispered a message in the ear of the closest individual. The words were passed down to the other end of the line, with the last person saying it out loud. It was amusing to see how the message was twisted and turned due to different receptors, environmental factors and how it ended up as an end-product of the interplay between many ears, brains, noise, etc. That’s how Katie’s got a big head could end up being the navy caught a pig dead.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In a nutshell and in plain language, this is the process that happens when information from our DNA, the ultimate source, is passed down to different molecules in our cells, i.e., during the expression of the genes – to RNAs, proteins, enzymes, metabolites, etc. amid environmental factors and noise. \u003Cstrong>Systems biology analyses the interrelations between the networks of all these processes at the cellular level applying a holistic approach, while the various layers are examined at unprecedented spatial or temporal resolution, depth, and thoroughness with the help of the OMICS universe: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, methylomics, \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F23616463\">surfaceomics\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>,\u003C\u002Fstrong> etc.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22647\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"595\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FMessenger-Game.jpg\" alt=\"OMICS\" class=\"wp-image-22647\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FMessenger-Game.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FMessenger-Game-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FMessenger-Game-512x350.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fparenting.firstcry.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Breaking down the OMICS universe\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>“OMICS is really seeing the entire collection of molecules that make up you. Basically, it’s your DNA, it’s your proteins, it’s \u003Cu>all\u003C\u002Fu> your metabolites, and such,” \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=m7X6mugpijQ\">explained\u003C\u002Fa> Michael Snyder, Professor, and Chair of Genetics at Stanford University. These all represent \u003Cstrong>relatively new subfields of biology made possible by the discoveries around the genome boosted by the rapid advancements in biotechnology and computing\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The increasing amount of data extracted faster and more accurately than ever before allows researchers to meaningfully analyze processes, and go beyond the DNA – although it is still more challenging to examine RNAs and proteins than the ultimate code of life.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>That’s why the first-ever OMICS-field was genomics or the study of the entire book of our genes, the genome. As \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC2392988\u002F\">the anecdote goes\u003C\u002Fa>, the term was first coined by Dr. Thomas H. Roderick, a geneticist at the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, in a bar in 1986. Back then, scientists were widely discussing the feasibility of mapping the entire genome – but less than twenty years later, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genome.gov\u002F10001772\u002Fall-about-the--human-genome-project-hgp\u002F\">Human Genome Project\u003C\u002Fa> was completed. Humanity could peek into the innermost secrets of life, but far from sitting back being satisfied, scientists realized that an incredible amount of information is waiting to be uncovered – the OMICS universe.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22648\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"657\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-universe.jpg\" alt=\"OMICS\" class=\"wp-image-22648\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-universe.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-universe-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-universe-512x386.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Ferr.ersjournals.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Transcriptomics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The first line of the transcription of genetic information happens with the help of RNA molecules. \u003Cstrong>A wide variety of RNAs act inside a cell, such as mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, etc. – together they are called the transcriptome. The “messenger RNA” or \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Fscitable\u002Fdefinition\u002Fmrna-messenger-rna-160\">mRNA molecule carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>. Thus, they are important as they reflect the actively expressed genes\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Generally, the goal of transcriptome analysis is to detect which genes are expressed in the examined sample. This could happen through the identification of genes \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FB9780124081345000111\">differentially expressed among different conditions\u003C\u002Fa>, leading to a new understanding of the genes or pathways associated with the conditions. Scientists’ methods for analysis range from microarrays to RNA-seq, the latter is widely used to sequence the entire transcriptome, more recently at the single cell resolution.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the future, the subfield could prove to be indispensable in personalized medicine. For example, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3396611\u002F\">Oncotype DX gene test\u003C\u002Fa> already analyses the risk of breast cancer reoccurrence based on transcriptomic data. But \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.phgfoundation.org\u002Finfographic\u002Fwhat-is-transcriptomics\">another panel test is also under clinical trial\u003C\u002Fa> to rule out acute cellular rejection of heart transplants. Also, transcriptomics helps researchers understand the reaction to infections and treatment response.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-22649\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"374\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FSpatial-Transcriptome.jpg\" alt=\"OMICS\" class=\"wp-image-22649\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FSpatial-Transcriptome.jpg 640w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FSpatial-Transcriptome-512x299.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Comprehensive 2D or 3D visualization of all mRNAs in tissue sections. Source: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencemag.org\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Proteomics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The next step of DNA information processing happens with the help of proteins – that receive the transcripted data from mRNA molecules and process it further. These proteins differ from cell to cell and also change over time.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>The proteome is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fobgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1576\u002Ftoag.13.3.189.27672\">defined as the set of all expressed proteins in a cell, tissue or organism\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>, and the study of the proteome aims to understand the functional relevance of proteins within the cell and how information flows within the body through protein networks and pathways\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Scientists want to see \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheanalyticalscientist.com\u002Ftechniques-tools\u002Fthe-multidimensional-future-of-proteomics\">the mechanisms of action of bioactive molecules, find (bio)markers for diseases, and characterize new classes of pharmaceuticals\u003C\u002Fa> (for example, antibodies) through proteomics.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22650\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FFacebook-For-The-Proteome.jpg\" alt=\"OMICS\" class=\"wp-image-22650\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FFacebook-For-The-Proteome.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FFacebook-For-The-Proteome-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FFacebook-For-The-Proteome-512x306.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Facebook for the Proteome. Source: https:\u002F\u002Fhms.harvard.edu\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Metabolomics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The metabolome is one of the final downstream products of gene transcription, and one of the closest to the actual phenotype of the organism. Changes in the around thousands of metabolites clearly show the shifts in the proteome or the transcriptome. It is more physically and chemically complex than the other ‘omes’.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpublichealth.yale.edu\u002Farticle.aspx?id=13620\">metabolome is inherently sensitive to subtle alterations in biological pathways, it can provide insight into biomarker discovery and the mechanisms\u003C\u002Fa> that underlie various physiological conditions within disease states\u002Fprogression and drug modes of action. \u003Cstrong>Through the metabolome, it is possible to determine both environmental and genetic influences on the disease or therapeutic response. Thus it will have a significant impact on drug development and precision medicine.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>While the subset of OMICS fields is clearly not depleted – lipidomics focuses on researching the cellular lipids of an organism or catalomics concentrates on the enzymes (catalists) of a cell -, these three are the most significant ones beyond genomics.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22651\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FPlasma-Metabolomic-Profiles.jpg\" alt=\"OMICS\" class=\"wp-image-22651\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FPlasma-Metabolomic-Profiles.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FPlasma-Metabolomic-Profiles-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FPlasma-Metabolomic-Profiles-512x321.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Metabolomics diversity of the cohort illustrated by the heat map of the metabolomic profiles of the volunteers. Red and blue indicate high and low levels, respectively, relative to the median value for all samples (median = 1.0). Source: Plasma metabolomic profiles enhance precision medicine for volunteers of normal health. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pnas.org\u002Fcontent\u002F112\u002F35\u002FE4901\u002Ftab-article-info\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>OMICS in the future of personalized medicine\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the last decades, research in the life sciences started to show the way to move from the generalized, ‘one-size-fits-all’ approaches in treatment pathways and disease management towards precision medicine. Instead of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fhow-could-genomics-bring-precision-medicine-to-healthcare\">putting conditions in the center and categorizing people according to diseases\u003C\u002Fa>, the individual genetic make-up and other characteristics will prove to be decisive in the future when it comes to disease management.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Currently, this is limited solely to genetic analysis. \u003Cstrong>However, \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F27882306\">epigenetic, transcriptional, proteomic, posttranslational modifications, metabolic, and environmental factors also influence a patient’s response to disease and treatment.\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong> As more and more analytical and diagnostic techniques are incorporated into medical practice, OMICS will support the transition to precision medicine by offering a holistic view of a patient’s condition\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Although we cannot provide an estimated timeframe for the widespread use of OMICS methods, we might be less than a decade away from a comprehensive understanding of transcriptomics, proteomics or metabolomics.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22652\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-and-precision-medicine.jpg\" alt=\"OMICS\" class=\"wp-image-22652\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-and-precision-medicine.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-and-precision-medicine-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002FOMICS-and-precision-medicine-512x341.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fproteomics.cancer.gov\u002Fnews_and_announcements\u002Fprecisionfda-nci-cptac-multi-omics-challenge-open-submissions\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The Grand Unified Theory of OMICS?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Nevertheless, research, and in parallel, the amount of available data and the ability to process it more efficiently in OMICS have increasingly accelerated in the last couple of years. In fact, the individual fields are so complex and massively data-driven that researchers could master certain parts but cannot (ironically) get a holistic overview – no matter how interconnected the subfields are.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Nevertheless, the future might hold the promise of one grand OMICS test – just as the Grand Unified Theory in physics – to show the interconnection of OMES about diseases and conditions\u003C\u002Fstrong>. How mind-boggling would it be to come up with a technology which could demonstrate the entire lifecycle of a syndrome: first a genetic mutation, then a mistranscribed mRNA bringing excessive amounts of proteins to the wrong places, while the whole process is accelerated by an environmental factor, say humidity.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, for such a diagnostic tool to get realized, the acceleration of another technology is necessary: artificial intelligence. For such an incredible analysis, processing and evaluation of terabytes of data are needed – and that cannot happen without A.I. Jun Wang, CEO of iCarbonX, a Chinese start-up specializing in smart algorithms, already \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.liebertpub.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1089\u002Fclinomi.04.01.36?journalCode=clinomi&\">launched an initiative\u003C\u002Fa> for OMICS, biotechnology and A.I. companies to work together – and drive precision medicine and predictive health forward. The Medical Futurist believes iCarbonX definitely shows the way ahead.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The future will hold the complex, A.I-powered analysis of samples both in research and clinical practice. “\u003Cstrong>Complexomics”, the genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic test of any specimen will have the genuine power to give answers about the evolution or treatment of diseases.\u003C\u002Fstrong> As an incredible amount of data will be present at such an analysis, A.I. algorithms, data analysts and biostatisticians will work together hand in hand with OMICS researchers to bring complexomics into the lives of doctors and patients.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>The OMICS acronym crawled into the hive mind of the life science community as the Marvel universe onto the movie screens: slowly but successfully. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, methylomics or surfaceomics occupy a growing field of research in systems biology lately. It will be an even more significant strand in the future with practical ramifications, such as transcriptomic tests for disease risks. Thus, it is recommended to get familiar with the OMICS universe. Here’s a glimpse of it.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,22653,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32],500,521,[34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52],373,1186,1187,1188,530,1189,608,1190,1180,163,1181,196,1182,246,1183,260,1184,262,1185,[],[],[56,57,58,59],1721,1845,1883,4203,[61,14,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"post-22646","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","category-future-medicine","tag-research","tag-transcriptomics","tag-metabolome","tag-metabolomics","tag-big-data","tag-proteome","tag-precision-medicine","tag-proteomics","tag-omics","tag-cancer-2","tag-clinical-research","tag-data-2","tag-biology","tag-future","tag-systems-biology","tag-genetics","tag-treatment","tag-genomics","tag-transcriptome",{"id":24,"alt_text":89,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":90,"media_details":91,"post":5,"source_url":131},"OMICS","image",{"width":92,"height":93,"file":94,"sizes":95,"image_meta":128},870,489,"2019\u002F01\u002F059_OMICS.png",{"medium":96,"large":102,"thumbnail":107,"medium_large":111,"large_old_512x288":112,"thumbnail_old_150x150":117,"medium_old_370x208":119,"medium_large_old_768x432":122,"large_old_512x288_old_512x288":125},{"file":97,"width":98,"height":99,"mime-type":100,"source_url":101},"059_OMICS-370x208.png",370,208,"image\u002Fpng","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F059_OMICS-370x208.png",{"file":103,"width":104,"height":105,"mime-type":100,"source_url":106},"059_OMICS-768x432.png",768,432,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F059_OMICS-768x432.png",{"file":108,"width":109,"height":109,"mime-type":100,"source_url":110},"059_OMICS-150x150.png",150,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F059_OMICS-150x150.png",{"file":103,"width":104,"height":105,"mime-type":100,"source_url":106},{"file":113,"width":114,"height":115,"mime-type":100,"source_url":116},"059_OMICS-512x288.png",512,288,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F059_OMICS-512x288.png",{"file":108,"width":118,"height":118,"mime-type":100,"source_url":110},"150",{"file":97,"width":120,"height":121,"mime-type":100,"source_url":101},"370","208",{"file":103,"width":123,"height":124,"mime-type":100,"source_url":106},"768","432",{"file":113,"width":126,"height":127,"mime-type":100,"source_url":116},"512","288",{"aperture":129,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":129,"copyright":27,"focal_length":129,"iso":129,"shutter_speed":129,"title":27,"orientation":129,"keywords":130},"0",[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F059_OMICS.png",{"related_posts":133,"related_posts_footer":137,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[134,135,136],22156,17644,22209,[138,139,140],15351,16479,22423,{"yoast_wpseo_title":142,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":143,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"The OMICS Universe And Its Future - The Medical Futurist","Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics or metabolomics occupy a growing field of research in systems biology lately. Let's dive into the OMICS universe!",{"self":145,"collection":151,"about":154,"author":157,"replies":160,"version-history":163,"predecessor-version":167,"wp:featuredmedia":171,"wp:attachment":174,"wp:term":177,"curies":193},[146],{"href":147,"targetHints":148},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22646",{"allow":149},[150],"GET",[152],{"href":153},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[155],{"href":156},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[158],{"embeddable":26,"href":159},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[161],{"embeddable":26,"href":162},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=22646",[164],{"count":165,"href":166},15,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22646\u002Frevisions",[168],{"id":169,"href":170},46009,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22646\u002Frevisions\u002F46009",[172],{"embeddable":26,"href":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F22653",[175],{"href":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=22646",[178,181,184,187,190],{"taxonomy":179,"embeddable":26,"href":180},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=22646",{"taxonomy":182,"embeddable":26,"href":183},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=22646",{"taxonomy":185,"embeddable":26,"href":186},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=22646",{"taxonomy":188,"embeddable":26,"href":189},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=22646",{"taxonomy":191,"embeddable":26,"href":192},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=22646",[194],{"name":195,"href":196,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[198],{"id":140,"date":199,"date_gmt":200,"guid":201,"modified":202,"modified_gmt":203,"slug":204,"status":13,"type":14,"link":205,"title":206,"content":208,"excerpt":210,"author":23,"featured_media":212,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":213,"categories":214,"tags":217,"project_category":230,"contact_email_category":231,"yst_prominent_words":232,"class_list":240,"better_featured_image":256,"acf":282,"yoast_meta":289,"_links":292},"2018-11-27T13:29:09","2018-11-27T11:29:09",{"rendered":9},"2022-05-27T10:11:18","2022-05-27T08:11:18","pharmacogenomics-the-science-of-personalizing-drugs-based-on-dna","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fpharmacogenomics-the-science-of-personalizing-drugs-based-on-dna",{"rendered":207},"Pharmacogenomics: The Science Of Personalizing Drugs Based On DNA",{"rendered":209,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2018. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Individuals share about 99.97 percent of their DNA and only the remaining 0.03 percent is responsible for the differences in skin, hair or eye color, height, shoe size or sunspots. Scientists discovered somewhat recently that our bodies also metabolize drugs differently so it would make sense to prescribe medications based on the knowledge hidden in our DNA. In some cases, physicians already do that. Here’s what you need to know about pharmacogenomics and the future of prescription drugs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>It’s all in your genes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Why do some people eat creamy French cakes all the time, only do sports when they have to run after the bus and still remain in shape? How come when others eat some chips, the next day they’ll gain two pounds? What exactly is the reason for some people not being able to drink coffee after 6 pm otherwise they will be up all night; and why do others have some double espresso at 11 pm and sleep around midnight as if nothing happened?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The response is all in your genes. Well, more precisely how your organism’s metabolic processes work, which are determined by the double spiral. \u003Cstrong>Genetics and genomics aim to uncover the most hidden secrets of our bodies, and how the human organism might respond to environmental factors. Two specific strands concentrate on metabolic issues: nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics. The first one deals with food issues and the latter with the drug response of our bodies due to the genetic code. Generally, it argues that despite general sentiments, medications do not have the same effect on people.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22425\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics1.jpg\" alt=\"pharmacogenomics\" class=\"wp-image-22425\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics1.jpg 750w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics1-512x341.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>A powerful combination: the science of drugs and genetics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Pharmacogenomics is viewed as a critical area for improving drug therapy and prescriptions in the future. The relatively new science started to challenge the widely held view among doctors, pharmacists and other experts that drugs have pretty much the same effect on everyone. Recent studies show that people metabolize medication on a wide scale and have considerable variations in side effects based on their DNA. In the case of several drugs, scientists could already pinpoint gene variations which make the patient more sensitive to a standard dose and others which cause a faster metabolic response to a drug than normally. If someone with such DNA variations received the standard dose that works for the general population, they would have side effects that might require hospitalization.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org\u002F\">Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC)\u003C\u002Fa> has been facilitating the use of pharmacogenomics since 2004. According to the organization, \u003Cstrong>we already know of more than 50 million DNA variations, thousands of which are associated with specific drugs and diseases. More than a 100 drugs are already available whose labels include pharmacogenomic information based on studies that have found associations between genetic aspects and sensitivity to that particular drug.\u003C\u002Fstrong> It was high time as studies show that medications are ineffective for about 40 percent of patients with asthma, depression, and diabetes. It has nothing to do with the quality of the drug or the physician’s treatment plan, but the fact that we are all genetically unique.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22424\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics.jpg\" alt=\"pharmacogenomics\" class=\"wp-image-22424\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomics-512x288.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.genome.gov\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The right dose against blood clotting\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Let’s look at the drug called Warfarin or as also commonly known Coumadin, a blood thinner. It is an anticoagulant that works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. It’s widely prescribed to prevent blood clots in people with conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism. However, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nih.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnih-research-matters\u002Fgenetic-testing-doesnt-improve-warfarin-dosing\">its dosing is very tricky\u003C\u002Fa>. If the doctor prescribes too little, blood clots might take shape in spite of the medical efforts. On the other hand, if the doctor prescribes too much, it can cause excess bleeding.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Two genes are known to influence warfarin’s effectiveness. One, called \u003Cem>CYP2C9\u003C\u002Fem>, deactivates warfarin. The other, \u003Cem>VKORC1\u003C\u002Fem>, activates vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Variations in these genes affect how a person responds to warfarin. Thus, \u003Cstrong>dosing formulas have been developed to incorporate a person’s genetic profile, along with their clinical characteristics, to better predict the warfarin dose that a person might need. Some are \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nih.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnih-research-matters\u002Fgenetic-testing-doesnt-improve-warfarin-dosing\">skeptical about genotyping and dosing medications based on it\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>, but some expressly \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pharmgkb.org\u002Fguideline\u002FPA166104949\">recommend genetic testing before any prescription of, e.g.\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>,\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong> Warfarin takes place\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Nevertheless, in 2007, the FDA revised the label on the blood-thinning drug to explain that a person’s genetic makeup might influence response to the medication. Although the data are still evolving, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org\u002FUserfiles\u002FPMC-Corporate\u002Ffile\u002FThe_PM_Report.pdf\">early evidence suggests\u003C\u002Fa> that genetic testing in advance of prescribing warfarin helps patients avoid severe and possibly fatal adverse effects.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For the more economical beings amongst us, data also suggest that the management of dosing of warfarin based on pharmacogenomic outcomes can eliminate costs associated with hospitalizations for bleeding or thromboembolism. \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org\u002FUserfiles\u002FPMC-Corporate\u002Ffile\u002FThe_PM_Report.pdf\">The Mayo Clinic and the pharmacy benefits manager Medco put the model to the test\u003C\u002Fa> in a 3,600-subject prospective study. Hospitalization rates for heart patients were reduced by about 30 percent when genetic information was available to doctors prescribing the drug.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22426\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FWarfarin.jpg\" alt=\"pharmacogenomics\" class=\"wp-image-22426\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FWarfarin.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FWarfarin-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FWarfarin-512x372.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.secondnexus.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Pharmacogenomic tests and my experiences\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Over the years, I already gathered some experience regarding genetic testing – with Navigenics, Pathway Genomics, My Gentle Labs, Futura Genetics, just to name a few. That’s only a fraction of available tests: \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org\u002FUserfiles\u002FPMC-Corporate\u002Ffile\u002FThe_PM_Report.pdf\">recent estimates by the genetic testing data company Concert Genetics\u003C\u002Fa> indicate that \u003Cstrong>there are now no fewer than 65,000 genetic tests available. You read that right: 65,000 different tests. Between April 2015 and September 2016, more than 5,500 new genetic testing products came to market\u003C\u002Fstrong>. There’s a real boom, and you can also find several pharmacogenomic tests, for example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Foneome.com\u002F\">OneOme\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fgenesight.com\u002Fhow-is-pharmacogenomic-testing-different-from-traditional-diagnostic-testing\u002F\">Genesight\u003C\u002Fa> or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.admerahealth.com\u002Fpgx\u002F\">Admera Health\u003C\u002Fa> all offer insight into drug metabolization.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>I \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmydna-review\">reviewed the myDNA Medication test\u003C\u002Fa> before, which found that if I have to take Codeine (an opiate used to treat pain); fluvoxamine (used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder); or simvastatin (used to lower cholesterol), I will have major side effects from cardiomyopathy to liver problems. Recently, I had \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fi-got-my-whole-genome-sequenced-heres-what-i-learned\">my Dante Labs whole genome sequencing experience\u003C\u002Fa>, and as part of it, I received a 163-pages-long report with a special section devoted to pharmacogenomics. Among others, I was tested for Warfarin, and it turned out I have a slight resistance towards that. Nevertheless, \u003Cstrong>I received information about how my body metabolizes more than a hundred drugs, which is incredibly useful. For example, my cholesterol level is usually higher as the reference value. However, I would definitely have severe side effects if I took prescription pills for high levels of cholesterol\u003C\u002Fstrong>. That’s another indication for risk for cardiomyopathy, for example.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22399\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomic-results.png\" alt=\"whole genome sequencing\" class=\"wp-image-22399\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomic-results.png 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomic-results-768x500.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002FPharmacogenomic-results-512x334.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Dante Labs Full DNA whole genome sequencing – pharmacogenomic overview\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The future might hold entirely personalized drugs\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>On the individual level, having a pharmacogenomic test could eventually help patients avoid adverse effects of medication and support physicians in working out the most appropriate treatment with the most suitable drug for their patients. This practice will represent another element which will gradually bring medicine from a reactive to a preventive discipline.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although for doing so, doctors should master the skills of making sense of genetic findings to guide patients in the sea of genetic data and recommendations. As interpretation of genetic results might be the trickiest part, introducing genomic medicine in the current medical school curriculum might help – alongside with decision-making in the era of precision medicine.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Besides improving how existing drugs are used, genome research will lead to the development of better drugs. The goal is to produce new drugs that are highly effective and do not cause serious side effects. The pharmaceutical sector seems to have accepted the challenge. According to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org\u002FUserfiles\u002FPMC-Corporate\u002Ffile\u002FThe_PM_Report.pdf\">the already cited report of the PMC\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Cstrong>biopharmaceutical industry players estimate that 42 percent of all compounds and 73 percent of oncology compounds in the pipeline have the potential to be personalized medicines. Over the past five years, biopharmaceutical companies nearly doubled their R&D investment in personalized medicines, while biopharmaceutical researchers predict a 69 percent increase in the number of personalized medicines in development over the next five years.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>If the estimates are accurate, pharmaceutical companies will mostly produce personalized medicines within a decade. Bearing all these pieces of information in mind, the future scenario where you go to your physician, and after an examination, the doctor 3D prints the appropriate medication for you based on your pharmacogenomic parameters doesn’t sound that futuristic after all.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":211,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Individuals share about 99.97 percent of their DNA and only the remaining 0.03 percent is responsible for the differences in skin, hair or eye color, height, shoe size or sunspots. Scientists discovered somewhat recently that our bodies also metabolize drugs differently so it would make sense to prescribe medications based on the knowledge hidden in our DNA. In some cases, physicians already do that. Here’s what you need to know about pharmacogenomics and the future of prescription drugs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",22433,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[215,216],490,488,[218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,40,47,227,49,228,51,229],271,865,275,1154,289,356,425,212,213,653,677,820,[],[],[233,234,58,235,236,237,238,239],1599,1633,1885,1969,2033,2035,2063,[241,14,62,63,64,65,66,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,75,82,253,84,254,86,255],"post-22423","category-future-of-pharma","category-genomics","tag-health","tag-precision-health","tag-healthcare","tag-medication","tag-innovation","tag-pharma-2","tag-technology-2","tag-dna","tag-dna-testing","tag-pharmacogenetics","tag-drugs","tag-pharmacogenomics",{"id":212,"alt_text":257,"caption":27,"description":258,"media_type":90,"media_details":259,"post":140,"source_url":281},"TMF, pharmacogenomics","TMF, pharmacogenomics, drug, dna, personalized medicine, man",{"width":92,"height":93,"file":260,"sizes":261,"image_meta":279},"2018\u002F11\u002F053-pharmacogenomics.png",{"medium":262,"large":265,"thumbnail":268,"medium_large":271,"large_old_512x288":272,"thumbnail_old_150x150":275,"medium_old_370x208":276,"medium_large_old_768x432":277,"large_old_512x288_old_512x288":278},{"file":263,"width":98,"height":99,"mime-type":100,"source_url":264},"053-pharmacogenomics-370x208.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F053-pharmacogenomics-370x208.png",{"file":266,"width":104,"height":105,"mime-type":100,"source_url":267},"053-pharmacogenomics-768x432.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F053-pharmacogenomics-768x432.png",{"file":269,"width":109,"height":109,"mime-type":100,"source_url":270},"053-pharmacogenomics-150x150.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F053-pharmacogenomics-150x150.png",{"file":266,"width":104,"height":105,"mime-type":100,"source_url":267},{"file":273,"width":114,"height":115,"mime-type":100,"source_url":274},"053-pharmacogenomics-512x288.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F053-pharmacogenomics-512x288.png",{"file":269,"width":118,"height":118,"mime-type":100,"source_url":270},{"file":263,"width":120,"height":121,"mime-type":100,"source_url":264},{"file":266,"width":123,"height":124,"mime-type":100,"source_url":267},{"file":273,"width":126,"height":127,"mime-type":100,"source_url":274},{"aperture":129,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":129,"copyright":27,"focal_length":129,"iso":129,"shutter_speed":129,"title":27,"orientation":129,"keywords":280},[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F053-pharmacogenomics.png",{"related_posts":283,"related_posts_footer":287,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[284,285,286],15120,22360,21392,[134,136,288],15713,{"yoast_wpseo_title":290,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":291,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":205},"Pharmacogenomics: The Science Of Personalizing Drugs Based On DNA - 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