[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":383},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-the-genomic-data-challenges-of-the-future":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":196,"relatedBooks":382},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":34,"project_category":48,"contact_email_category":49,"yst_prominent_words":50,"class_list":64,"better_featured_image":87,"acf":131,"yoast_meta":140,"_links":143},22209,"2018-10-27T12:45:23","2018-10-27T10:45:23",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F","2022-05-31T14:57:35","2022-05-31T12:57:35","the-genomic-data-challenges-of-the-future","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-genomic-data-challenges-of-the-future",{"rendered":17},"The Genomic Data Challenges Of The Future",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2018. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As DNA is the new oil (or bacon?), and its amount continues to increase exponentially, technical, ethical, legal as well as security and privacy challenges arise by the dozens. The Medical Futurist believes now is the time for concerted, community-wide planning for the genomic data challenges of the next decade.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The amount of genomic data is soaring – and the challenges growing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Imagine genes as sentences and genomes as entire books consisting of tens of thousands of chains of words. Interpreting the whole book for the first time by completing the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genome.gov\u002F12011238\u002Fan-overview-of-the-human-genome-project\u002F\">Human Genome Project\u003C\u002Fa> took more than 15 years. It’s fascinating how far humanity has come – and even more so, if we look at the evolution of genome sequencing since 2006, the signature year when the DNA double spiral uncovered its secrets for the very first time. The technical conditions, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org\u002F0e38\u002F7bd00952c8450deefcdbcdebf5c946c20f54.pdf\">the time and the cost of sequencing genomes were reduced by a factor of 1 million in less than 10 years\u003C\u002Fa>. \u003Cstrong>Anyone can have a genetic test within weeks. Moreover, anyone can get their whole genome sequenced for some hundreds of dollars, and the price is expected to further fall in the future.\u003C\u002Fstrong> As a first, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.veritasgenetics.com\u002F\">Veritas Genetics\u003C\u002Fa> has been \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.xconomy.com\u002Fboston\u002F2016\u002F10\u002F17\u002Fveritas-genetics-lands-30m-for-1000-genome-sequencing\u002F\">hailed\u003C\u002Fa> as the first company to be able to sequence, analyze and interpret whole human genome data for less than $1,000.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Already three years ago, the OmicsMaps showed that there were more than 2,500 high-throughput instruments, located in nearly 1,000 sequencing centers in 55 countries in universities, hospitals, and other research laboratories. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosbiology\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pbio.1002195\">Researchers estimate\u003C\u002Fa> that between 100 million and as many as 2 billion human genomes could be sequenced by 2025, representing four to five orders of magnitude growth in ten years and far exceeding the growth many big data domains show off.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Alongside the exponential growth in interest in genomic research, several challenges came to light. At first, the technological demands of genome sequencing should be considered. The area, as a four-headed dragon, has four various subfields with entirely different requirements and trajectories. \u003Cstrong>The acquisition, storage, distribution, and analysis of large datasets require massive and unique technological solutions never seen before. However, beyond technical difficulties come the genuinely painstaking questions: data privacy and security. Who can have access to data and how do research groups, companies or governments ensure that genomic data doesn’t end up in the wrong hands?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Furthermore\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>, how will it end up in anyone’s hands? Could a genomic data market evolve? What will regulators and policy-makers make of genomic data? How could governments benefit from the technology and the information originating from it? \u003C\u002Fstrong>These burning questions need responses as soon as possible – in spite of their complex and multilayered nature.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22213\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Big-Data-min.jpg\" alt=\"genomic data\" class=\"wp-image-22213\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Big-Data-min.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Big-Data-min-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Big-Data-min-512x345.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.technet.microsoft.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>How to collect, store and share genomic data?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyrecord.com\u002FArticle\u002Fmicrosoft-genomics-service-launched-to-accelerate-healthcare-innovation-63673\">single human genome takes up 100 gigabytes of storage space\u003C\u002Fa>, and more and more genomes are sequenced, storage needs will grow from gigabytes to petabytes to exabytes. By 2025, an estimated 40 exabytes of storage capacity will be required for human genomic data.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Moreover, for every 3 billion bases of the human genome sequence, 30-fold more data (~100 gigabases) must be collected because of errors in sequencing, base calling, and genome alignment. This means that as much as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosbiology\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pbio.1002195#pbio.1002195.s004\">2–40 exabytes of storage capacity will be needed by 2025 just for the human genomes\u003C\u002Fa>. \u003Cstrong>Some researchers anticipate the creation of genomics archives for storing millions of sequenced genomes. \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org\u002F0e38\u002F7bd00952c8450deefcdbcdebf5c946c20f54.pdf\">Others believe that cloud computing is the only storage model\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong> that can provide the elastic scale needed for DNA sequencing. \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Tech giants are also betting on the latter, especially considering the distribution capabilities of cloud computing. Google launched a cloud computing service for companies to store genomic data in March 2014 – Google Genomics. The search engine \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F532266\u002Fgoogle-wants-to-store-your-genome\u002F\">has built an interface, or API, that lets scientists and researchers move DNA data into its server farms\u003C\u002Fa> and do experiments there using the same database technology that indexes the Web and tracks billions of Internet users. Microsoft has a similar service dubbed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fazure.microsoft.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fservices\u002Fgenomics\u002F\">Microsoft Genomics\u003C\u002Fa>, while genome sequencing giant, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.illumina.com\u002F\">Illumina\u003C\u002Fa> uses the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Faws.amazon.com\u002Fhealth\u002F\">Amazon Web Services\u003C\u002Fa>. Increasing amounts of genomic data will be available soon through these platforms – and the questions of who and how will have access pose themselves almost automatically.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22214\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Sharing.jpg\" alt=\"genomic data\" class=\"wp-image-22214\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Sharing.jpg 800w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Sharing-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Sharing-512x320.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: ece.utoronto.ca\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Genomic data – confidential and secure?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>A person’s genetic and, holistically speaking, genomic data represents the most private information about the past, present, and future of an individual. While keeping this information package safe and confidential should be of utmost importance, it is trickier than with other types of data.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Against data breaches or data hacks, the majority of genetic testing companies use encryption and data platforms. And although significant hacks have not happened so far, it’s unfortunately just a matter of time\u003C\u002Fstrong>. DNA testing service MyHeritage revealed that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theverge.com\u002F2018\u002F6\u002F5\u002F17430146\u002Fdna-myheritage-ancestry-accounts-compromised-hack-breach\">hackers had breached 92 million of its accounts\u003C\u002Fa>. They did not reach genetic information, only profiles, and passwords, but what if they did?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As genomic data would require special care, firms like \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fencrypgen.com\u002F\">EncrypGen\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nebulagenomics.io\u002F\">Nebula Genomics\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flunadna.com\u002F\">Luna DNA\u003C\u002Fa> or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fzenome.io\u002F\">Zenome\u003C\u002Fa> introduced \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reuters.com\u002Farticle\u002Fus-health-dna\u002Fcashing-in-on-dna-race-on-to-unlock-value-in-genetic-data-idUSKBN1KO0XC\">the blockchain to secure sensitive DNA records\u003C\u002Fa>. The technology might fit perfectly for securing genomic data in creating \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ftop-12-companies-bringing-blockchain-to-healthcare\">immutable distributed ledgers where any change becomes immediately evident\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>However, the problem is not only data security but rather confidentiality and the data management practices of actors having access to large genetic or genomic datasets, such as direct-to-consumer companies\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Although testing establishments use anonymized data, when the DNA of a million people is collected, it will become possible to extrapolate anyone’s personality from the genetic data. The latest research by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgenome-hackers-show-no-ones-dna-is-anonymous-anymore\u002F\">computational biologist Yaniv Erlich\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscience.sciencemag.org\u002Flookup\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.aau4832\">published in October 2018 in Science Magazine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgenome-hackers-show-no-ones-dna-is-anonymous-anymore\u002F\">more than 60 percent of Americans with European ancestry can be identified\u003C\u002Fa> through their DNA using open-access genetic genealogy databases, regardless of whether they’ve ever sent in a spit kit. That’s worrying – or at least it should make people more cautious and conscious when deciding for doing a genetic test. For example, it should urge them to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fghr.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fprimer\u002Fdtcgenetictesting\u002Fdtcprivacy\">assess DTC company’s data privacy policies accurately\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22216\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Protection.jpg\" alt=\"genomic data\" class=\"wp-image-22216\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Protection.jpg 825w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Protection-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenomic-Data-Protection-512x384.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.wired.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Who benefits from genomic big data?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Even more so, since consumer companies like 23andMe and Ancestry have so far created genetic profiles for more than 12 million people, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F610233\u002F2017-was-the-year-consumer-dna-testing-blew-up\u002F\">recent industry estimates\u003C\u002Fa> – and they are willing to monetize on the data.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>For research facilities, pharma companies and other medical enterprises, the knowledge sitting in small DNA base pairs might prove to be invaluable – or at least valuable enough to pay huge sums.\u003C\u002Fstrong> For example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gsk.com\u002Fen-gb\u002Fmedia\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fgsk-and-23andme-sign-agreement-to-leverage-genetic-insights-for-the-development-of-novel-medicines\u002F\">in July 2018, GlaxoSmithKline decided to invest $300 million in 23andMe\u003C\u002Fa> and forge an exclusive drug development deal with the Silicon Valley consumer genetics company to research and develop innovative new medicines and potential cures, using human genetics as the basis for discovery. Ancestry, which maintains a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ancestry.com\u002Fcorporate\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fancestry-surpasses-5-million-people-dna-database-giving-customers-even-more\">5-million-person\u003C\u002Fa> consumer database of genetic information, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessinsider.com\u002Fgoogle-calico-ancestry-dna-genetics-aging-partnership-ended-2018-7\">once partnered with Google’s stealthy life-extension spinoff\u003C\u002Fa> Calico to study aging.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reuters.com\u002Farticle\u002Fus-health-dna\u002Fcashing-in-on-dna-race-on-to-unlock-value-in-genetic-data-idUSKBN1KO0XC\">Caitlin Curtis, a research fellow at the University of Queensland, estimates\u003C\u002Fa> 23andMe has made around $130 million from selling access to about a million genotypes, before the GSK deal, implying an average price of around $130. That means if you purchased 23andMe’s genetic test for $100-150, your genetic information could have been bought for another $130 on average price, assuming plenty of profit for the company. That’s worrisome news and not (solely) because of the money part. \u003Cstrong>Beyond being concerned whether the results are reliable, or whether the outcome will change parallel to the advancement of science, users also have to worry about whether or not companies sell their personal data to the highest bidder\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>If you are uncomfortable with enterprises sharing your raw DNA data for research purposes with research facilities or selling it to companies, you should definitely inform yourself on these issues: who owns your genetic data if you have a DNA test? Who will have access to such information? Could you delete your data or make the companies your genetic information disappear?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F03\u002Fblockchain-in-healthcare.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17555\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F03\u002Fblockchain-in-healthcare.png 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F03\u002Fblockchain-in-healthcare-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F03\u002Fblockchain-in-healthcare-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F03\u002Fblockchain-in-healthcare-512x288.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F03\u002Fblockchain-in-healthcare-444x250.png 444w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>What happens on the other side: Genomic big data markets\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>A big reason many genetics-testing companies share data with third parties is for research – both by academic institutions and for-profit enterprises. The average customer who chooses to let 23andMe share their data for research contributes to more than 230 studies on topics including asthma, lupus, and Parkinson’s disease, the company says.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>The exponential rise of the amount of genomic data coupled with the sharing and purchasing practices of DTC companies already envisage the birth of genomic big data markets\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The White Paper on Nebula Genomics states that the opportunities around personal genome sequencing will soon create a genomic data market worth billions of dollars.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The team believes that this market will have similar characteristics and challenges as any market where data is involved – and it aims to show people how to avoid its pitfalls. For example, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimpactcee.com\u002F2018\u002F02\u002F21\u002Fnebula-genomics-will-help-you-monetise-your-dna\u002F\">the company wants users to re-take ownership and sell their DNA on their own\u003C\u002Fa>: instead of other for-profit actors, they would be the ones leveraging on their own genetic information. Another one, EncrypGen promises \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thedailybeast.com\u002Fstartup-wants-to-sell-your-dna-for-cryptocurrency\">to help people sell the information in their DNA for cryptocurrency\u003C\u002Fa> tokens. The startup says it is building a unique blockchain platform or the „Amazon of genetic material” to enable people to share genomic data safely and securely on a new emerging market – the genomic data market – for cryptocurrency.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although these companies are small in size and possess only a fraction of the genetic information that companies such as 23andMe, Ancestry or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.helix.com\u002F\">Helix\u003C\u002Fa> do, their vision and steps offer an alternative way for people to deal with their genetic data. Unlike in the case of these huge genetic companies, here, you could be the one deciding about the fate of your own data. Where is the regulator or the policy-maker, you ask?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22217\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FData-Market.jpg\" alt=\"genomic data\" class=\"wp-image-22217\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FData-Market.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FData-Market-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FData-Market-512x384.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fdataschool.nl\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Population genomics and politics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Many privacy experts are concerned that the only law in the US currently covering \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genome.gov\u002F27568492\u002Fthe-genetic-information-nondiscrimination-act-of-2008\u002F\">genetic privacy, the Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act\u003C\u002Fa> (also known as GINA) is too narrow in its focus on banning employers or insurance companies from accessing this information. \u003Cstrong>Otherwise, there is literally nothing – \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2018\u002F06\u002F16\u002F5-biggest-risks-of-sharing-dna-with-consumer-genetic-testing-companies.html\">the genetic information space is in many respects still an uncharted legislative territory, and consumers are taking the genetic testing companies at their word\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>. \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>That should worry consumers in many respects – some of that already specified above. Without proper legislation, companies could use and re-use genomic data for many purposes outside the sight of the consumer, and also gives more space for governments to act upon such data. \u003C\u002Fstrong>Law enforcement units and courts could utilize genetic databases – similarly to how they were used for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2018\u002F06\u002F16\u002F5-biggest-risks-of-sharing-dna-with-consumer-genetic-testing-companies.html\">catching the Golden State Killer after decades\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>And perhaps the most worrying above all might be the possibility to have politics meddling in genomics – and there are already examples for that, too\u003C\u002Fstrong>. In April 2018, news outlets surfaced that one of the biggest state in India, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Frise-in-population-genomics-local-government-in-india-will-use-blockchain-to-secure-genetic-data\">Andhra Pradesh, will secure the DNA base of 50 million citizens through the blockchain\u003C\u002Fa>. On 20 March 2018, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffuturism.com\u002Fgenetic-testing-estonia\u002F\">Estonia launched the first stage of a national state-sponsored genetic testing and information service\u003C\u002Fa> providing 100,000 of its 1.3 million residents with information on their genetic risk for certain diseases. Already in 2015, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F536096\u002Fgenome-study-predicts-dna-of-the-whole-of-iceland\u002F\">MIT Review reported\u003C\u002Fa> that a genetics company in Iceland named DeCode Genetics collected full DNA sequences on 10,000 individuals. And since the population in Iceland totals around 320,000 citizens, and they are relatively closely related, DeCode said it could extrapolate to accurately guess the DNA makeup of nearly the whole population of the country, including those who never participated in its studies.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosbiology\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pbio.1002195#pbio.1002195.ref024\">Researchers estimate\u003C\u002Fa> that as the world’s population is projected to top 8 billion by 2025, it is possible that as many as 25% of the people in developed nations and half of that in less-developed countries will have their genomes sequenced (comparable to the current worldwide distribution of Internet users). But what might happen to genomic data in the hands of governments?\u003C\u002Fstrong> How safe would it be for citizens to let \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fhow-autocracies-could-misuse-digital-health-innovations\">authorities know about their innermost biological secrets alongside their health risks\u003C\u002Fa> and future prospects? Not to mention the possibility for governments to sell their citizens’ genetic data in case that serves their own interest.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22218\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenetics.jpg\" alt=\"genomic data\" class=\"wp-image-22218\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenetics.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenetics-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenetics-512x341.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.vox.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Considering technical questions about how to store, share, distribute and analyze genetic and genomic data seem to be nothing compared to the haunting security and data privacy issues to deal with when it comes to DNA testing. Not to speak about the possibility of an already existing “shadow” genetic big data market – and the expectation of the upbuilding of an entirely real one soon; or the concerns that law enforcement, authorities, regulators or policy-makers might have access to or control over citizens’ genetic information in the future. As the accumulation of DNA base pairs won’t stop for a minute in the next years, these issues will become more and more burdening if we don’t come up with (at least) some medium-term solutions.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>As DNA is the new oil (or bacon?), and its amount continues to increase exponentially, technical, ethical, legal as well as security and privacy challenges arise by the dozens. The Medical Futurist believes now is the time for concerted, community-wide planning for the genomic data challenges of the next decade.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,22219,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32,33],521,488,800,[35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47],996,229,1101,246,1102,260,1103,262,1104,425,530,655,212,[],[],[51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63],1979,2045,2167,2921,2925,1613,3031,1693,4507,1883,1969,1973,1975,[65,14,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86],"post-22209","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-future-medicine","category-genomics","category-healthcare-policy","tag-bioethics","tag-ethics","tag-genomic","tag-future","tag-genomic-data","tag-genetics","tag-population-genomics","tag-genomics","tag-genetic","tag-technology-2","tag-big-data","tag-genome-sequencing","tag-dna",{"id":24,"alt_text":88,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":89,"media_details":90,"post":5,"source_url":130},"genomics in the US","image",{"width":91,"height":92,"file":93,"sizes":94,"image_meta":127},870,489,"2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics.png",{"medium":95,"large":101,"thumbnail":106,"medium_large":110,"large_old_512x288":111,"thumbnail_old_150x150":116,"medium_old_370x208":118,"medium_large_old_768x432":121,"large_old_512x288_old_512x288":124},{"file":96,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":99,"source_url":100},"044_genomics-370x208.png",370,208,"image\u002Fpng","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-370x208.png",{"file":102,"width":103,"height":104,"mime-type":99,"source_url":105},"044_genomics-768x432.png",768,432,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-768x432.png",{"file":107,"width":108,"height":108,"mime-type":99,"source_url":109},"044_genomics-150x150.png",150,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-150x150.png",{"file":102,"width":103,"height":104,"mime-type":99,"source_url":105},{"file":112,"width":113,"height":114,"mime-type":99,"source_url":115},"044_genomics-512x288.png",512,288,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-512x288.png",{"file":107,"width":117,"height":117,"mime-type":99,"source_url":109},"150",{"file":96,"width":119,"height":120,"mime-type":99,"source_url":100},"370","208",{"file":102,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":99,"source_url":105},"768","432",{"file":112,"width":125,"height":126,"mime-type":99,"source_url":115},"512","288",{"aperture":128,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":128,"copyright":27,"focal_length":128,"iso":128,"shutter_speed":128,"title":27,"orientation":128,"keywords":129},"0",[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics.png",{"related_posts":132,"related_posts_footer":136,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[133,134,135],22156,17644,15713,[137,138,139],16209,17450,13151,{"yoast_wpseo_title":141,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":142,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"The Genomic Data Challenges Of The Future - The Medical Futurist","The Medical Futurist believes now is the time for concerted, community-wide planning for the genomic data challenges of the next decade.",{"self":144,"collection":150,"about":153,"author":156,"replies":159,"version-history":162,"predecessor-version":166,"wp:featuredmedia":170,"wp:attachment":173,"wp:term":176,"curies":192},[145],{"href":146,"targetHints":147},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22209",{"allow":148},[149],"GET",[151],{"href":152},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[154],{"href":155},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[157],{"embeddable":26,"href":158},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[160],{"embeddable":26,"href":161},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=22209",[163],{"count":164,"href":165},20,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22209\u002Frevisions",[167],{"id":168,"href":169},46581,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22209\u002Frevisions\u002F46581",[171],{"embeddable":26,"href":172},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F22219",[174],{"href":175},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=22209",[177,180,183,186,189],{"taxonomy":178,"embeddable":26,"href":179},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=22209",{"taxonomy":181,"embeddable":26,"href":182},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=22209",{"taxonomy":184,"embeddable":26,"href":185},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=22209",{"taxonomy":187,"embeddable":26,"href":188},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=22209",{"taxonomy":190,"embeddable":26,"href":191},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=22209",[193],{"name":194,"href":195,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[197],{"id":139,"date":198,"date_gmt":199,"guid":200,"modified":202,"modified_gmt":203,"slug":204,"status":13,"type":14,"link":205,"title":206,"content":208,"excerpt":210,"author":23,"featured_media":212,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":213,"categories":214,"tags":222,"project_category":248,"contact_email_category":254,"yst_prominent_words":255,"class_list":268,"better_featured_image":307,"acf":331,"yoast_meta":337,"_links":340},"2023-01-31T10:00:00","2023-01-31T09:00:00",{"rendered":201},"http:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?p=13151","2023-01-29T07:36:09","2023-01-29T06:36:09","bioethical-issues","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fbioethical-issues",{"rendered":207},"TOP 10 Dangers Of Digital Health",{"rendered":209,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thanks to the advent of digital health, the future of medicine is truly exciting. With technological advancements that democratise access to care, better treatments are accessible to people than ever before. Breakthrough research and medical developments have eradicated deadly diseases and turned others into manageable conditions. But the very developments that propel healthcare to the 21st century bring their own share of hazards to the field.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the elimination of privacy through hacked medical devices to bioterrorism, there are signs of alarming trends that few take seriously. Nevertheless, we must generate discussion around these issues and help prepare every stakeholder to address them. To this end, we collected 10 of the most important hazards that technology brings about in the digital health age.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>1. Regulating adaptive AI algorithms\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Flocked-and-adaptive-algorithms-in-healthcare-differences-importance-and-regulatory-hurdles\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adaptive artificial intelligence\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (AI) is one that can adapt itself on the go based on new information it receives. In a clinical environment, it would, for example, be able to recommend blood tests more frequently in a population that has a high prevalence of diabetes. And if it sees that people in this population also have a tendency to develop cardiac issues, it will also recommend a cardiovascular evaluation.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002FAI-bias-768x432.png\" alt=\"AI bias algorithm artificial intelligence people patients race population\" class=\"wp-image-41809\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002FAI-bias-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002FAI-bias-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002FAI-bias-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002FAI-bias-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F04\u002FAI-bias.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, such algorithms rely on existing medical data which is \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fa-i-bias-in-healthcare\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fraught with inherent biases\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. By evolving on such data, adaptive AI will only reinforce those harmful biases such as discriminating based on one’s ethnicity and\u002For gender. To mitigate those risks, regulatory authorities must adopt new regulatory approaches to ensure that equitable adaptive AI algorithms are employed in healthcare facilities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>2. Hacking medical devices remotely\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New medical implants and devices are increasingly getting wireless connectivity features whether it’s to monitor metrics or run diagnostics. However, this also means that they are prone to hacks and these could prove fatal to patients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back in 2011, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theregister.com\u002F2011\u002F10\u002F27\u002Ffatal_insulin_pump_attack\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a researcher\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> showed that it was possible to hack Medtronic insulin pumps to deliver fatal doses to diabetic patients. Others can \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fnews\u002Fthe-switch\u002Fwp\u002F2013\u002F10\u002F21\u002Fyes-terrorists-could-have-hacked-dick-cheneys-heart\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hijack pacemakers\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over Bluetooth, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F2014\u002F04\u002Fhospital-equipment-vulnerable\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compromise X-ray data\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, remotely \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F2014\u002F06\u002Fhospital-networks-leaking-data\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reconfigure CT scans\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to alter radiation exposure, and the list \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F2015\u002F11\u002Fmedical-devices-that-are-vulnerable-to-life-threatening-hacks\u002F#slide-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">goes on\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As more and more patients and healthcare institutions adopt such solutions, are regulators ensuring that private companies provide secure technologies? What can we do to protect wearable devices that are connected to our physiological system from remote hacks? Patients should demand safer options, while companies developing such technologies should make sure they are safe and users should be as vigilant as possible when using them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>3. Privacy breaches by and on direct-to-consumer devices and services\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The relationship between digital health adoption and privacy is a delicate one. In short, there is no digital health without compromising a part of our privacy. In order to provide individual and personalised results, tools such as health sensors and AI need access to our personal health data. But how secure are such data once the companies behind those tools have access to them? For instance, the popular direct-to-consumer DNA testing company 23andMe and pharma giant GSK \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gsk.com\u002Fen-gb\u002Fmedia\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fgsk-and-23andme-sign-agreement-to-leverage-genetic-insights-for-the-development-of-novel-medicines\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">signed a $300 million deal\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for drug development. This deal leveraged 23andMe’s substantial genetic resources, and it was made possible through its customers being oblivious that such a deal was in the pipeline. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Privacy and security issues pertaining to the digital health era are complex and multifactorial. These aren’t likely to get any simpler as more and more advanced technologies get integrated into the field. As such, every stakeholder in the healthcare landscape must contemplate the need for changes in the digital health era. To help you navigate these questions, we published \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fyour-privacy-in-the-digital-health-era-the-medical-futurists-guide\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an e-book dedicated to the topic\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\u003Ca class=\"img\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fyour-privacy-in-the-digital-health-era-the-medical-futurists-guide\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F0811_privacy_2022_header-copy-small-768x432.png\" alt=\"Hackers, breaches and the value of health data TMF privacy ebook\" class=\"wp-image-47062\"\u002F\u003C\u002Fa srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F0811_privacy_2022_header-copy-small-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F0811_privacy_2022_header-copy-small-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F0811_privacy_2022_header-copy-small-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F0811_privacy_2022_header-copy-small-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F08\u002F0811_privacy_2022_header-copy-small.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>4. Ransomware attacks on hospitals\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When talking about cyber threats in healthcare, the most common ones are \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fcyberthreats-to-hospitals-2021\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ransomware\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These involve hackers who infect IT systems with malware or digital viruses to encrypt crucial files. These paralyse whole infrastructures as that information is inaccessible until a ransom is paid, usually through cryptocurrency.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the high-profile ones happened back in 2017 with the \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-nhs-ransomware-attack-data-privacy-in-digital-health-part-one\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WannaCry attacks\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on 61 NHS institutions. It led to the cancellation of operations and clinical appointments, loss of internet connection in hospitals and diverted patients from emergency departments even one week after the incident. This trend was perpetuated in subsequent years. Cybersecurity incidents involving patient data hit all-time highs \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedcitynews.com\u002F2022\u002F12\u002Fwhat-we-learned-from-cybersecurity-attacks-in-healthcare-in-2022\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">year after year\u003C\u002Fa>, and experts predict that 2023 likely won’t be any better. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cyber threats in healthcare cannot be overlooked. The average patient should demand more security over their data, and the medical staff and management should take these demands seriously and familiarise themselves with cybercrime methods in order to better counter them.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>5. Technologies supporting self-diagnosis\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physicians are worried because patients google their symptoms and treatments as they might wrongly associate the information they find \u003C\u002Fspan>with more serious conditions than what their caregiver diagnoses them with. Researchers as well are sounding the alarm about patients turning to hospitals due to smartwatch notifications about abnormal ECG readings, many of which are not clinically actionable. But soon, more and more patients will have access to more metrics at home whether they come from blood tests or genetic analyses; some of which come\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from unregulated companies offering inaccurate services.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F213_tmf-01.png\" alt=\"Can your smartwatch send you to the hospital?\" class=\"wp-image-30731\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F213_tmf-01.png 1920w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F213_tmf-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F213_tmf-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F213_tmf-01-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This, together with advanced chatbots offering medical advice can pave the way for even more serious cases of misinterpretation or self-medication. Will we be able to persuade patients not to further overload hospitals in this way? To avert this, proper guidance from medical professionals can equip patients to better interpret readings from their smart sensors, and authorities can regulate those services so that patients can get to know which companies to trust. This will, in turn, help avoid unnecessary hospital visits.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>6. Bioterrorism through digital health technologies\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the convenience and enhanced medical solutions brought about by the interconnected world of digital health technologies, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fdisruptive-technologies-bioterrorism\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bioterrorism\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also propels to new levels. We discussed how medical devices can be hacked remotely and that ransomware attacks \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002F2020\u002F11\u002F12\u002F1012015\u002Fransomware-did-not-kill-a-german-hospital-patient\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hold the risk of being fatal\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for some patients. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now with \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reuters.com\u002Ftechnology\u002Fwhat-does-elon-musks-brain-chip-company-neuralink-do-2022-12-05\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Neuralink\u003C\u002Fa>, Elon Musk wants to \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.forbes.com\u002Fsites\u002Fjohnkoetsier\u002F2020\u002F08\u002F28\u002Felon-musk-wants-to-put-a-fitbit-in-your-skull-to-summon-your-tesla\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">embed a “Fitbit in your skull”,\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while startup \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nanotics.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NaNotics\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is developing nanorobots that \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldhealth.net\u002Fnews\u002Fnanotech-suggests-have-found-way-combat-age-related-diseases\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“mop up” molecules\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that trigger diseases and ageing from the circulation. With \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechfundingnews.com\u002Fa-brain-implant-no-thicker-than-a-human-hair-neuralinks-competitor-raises-41m-funding\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">such advanced technologies on the horizon\u003C\u002Fa>, are we equipped to prevent bioterrorists from hacking into these devices to directly gain control over our health?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>7. AI not tested in a real-life clinical setting\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We regularly hear news headlines of an AI’s incredible prowess in the healthcare setting. But in many cases, these results are obtained from laboratories using selected datasets or ideal settings which aren’t totally reflective of actual clinical environments. Google learnt it the hard way.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\n\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3200\" height=\"1800\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2.png\" alt=\"A.I. in medicine\" class=\"wp-image-23751\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2.png 3200w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-512x288.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3200px) 100vw, 3200px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medical researchers from the company touted the ability of its AI tool to screen patients for diabetic retinopathy (DR) from images \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fgoogle-medical-researchers-humbled-when-ai-screening-tool-falls-short-in-real-life-testing\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with 90% accuracy\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. DR is a major cause of vision loss worldwide, and detecting the condition earlier can prevent complications. But Google’s AI \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fgoogle-medical-researchers-humbled-when-ai-screening-tool-falls-short-in-real-life-testing\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> didn’t fare so well in practice\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as it did on paper. When used by nurses in a hospital in Thailand, they \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fgoogle-medical-researchers-humbled-when-ai-screening-tool-falls-short-in-real-life-testing\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">encountered several issues\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Sometimes they had internet connection troubles; at other times the quality of the scan didn’t meet a certain threshold, so the AI simply didn’t give a result. And on some occasions, nurses even had to spend extra time editing some of the images the algorithm didn’t want to analyse.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>8. Synthetic health data is not entirely accurate in simulating reality\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-future-of-clinical-trials-artificial-patients-synthetic-data-and-real-time-analysis\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Synthetic data\u003C\u002Fa> is the use of AI to create datasets that mimic the real world. We use it for several reasons: 1. we don’t have enough real-world data or 2. don’t want to use real-world (sensitive) data. It is useful for feeding any algorithm that needs massive amounts of data to learn and either develop new prediction capabilities or recognise patterns. Synthetic data is widely used in a number of industries and segments, not just in medicine, but also in self-driving vehicles, security, robotics, fraud protection, insurance models, the military, and so on. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, any dataset we create will be imperfect to some extent. It will contain biases we are not aware of. It will not include important variables we either overlooked or are not aware of their importance. Even, in the best of cases, it will be like a snapshot of a given moment in a given situation. If we let machine learning and deep learning algorithms develop on these synthetic, imperfect datasets, chances are they will come to conclusions that are more or less false in the real world. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F103_In-silico-clinical-trials-768x432.png\" alt=\"in silico trials, synthetic data, artificial patient, TMF\" class=\"wp-image-24545\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F103_In-silico-clinical-trials-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F103_In-silico-clinical-trials-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F103_In-silico-clinical-trials-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F103_In-silico-clinical-trials-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F103_In-silico-clinical-trials.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Synthetic data is cheap and easy to come by, much easier and cheaper than collecting huge amounts of messy real-world data. What happens if decisions affecting large groups of people or whole societies will be made based on it? It is especially worrying as the world already faces challenges regarding “truth”. Introducing alternative truths based on ‘data’ to back decisions affecting societies – like healthcare funding, insurance models and so on – can have devastating consequences.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>9. Face recognition cameras in hospitals\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fyour-guide-to-facial-recognition-technology-in-healthcare\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facial recognition technology\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a method that combines image analysis and deep neural networks to interpret patterns from facial characteristics. It can reveal a range of medical conditions. Its functional algorithm relies on existing databases and dives into comparing those features in order to output a result. Its application in healthcare shows promise from detecting rare genetic conditions to \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fdigital-health-in-aesthetics\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">extracting facial blood flow information\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the U.S., controversial company Clearview AI, which made a facial recognition database from social media pictures of unsuspecting individuals, \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fvalue-ethics-using-phone-data-monitor-covid-19\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pitched its platform\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the government to track those infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, employing the technology from a company with dubious intentions poses new privacy risks. What will they do with the images collected? Will they be shared with law enforcement officials for surveillance, which can \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsitn.hms.harvard.edu\u002Fflash\u002F2020\u002Fracial-discrimination-in-face-recognition-technology\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">further fuel racial discrimination\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cb>10. Health insurance: Dr Big Brother\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the availability and adoption of fitness trackers, direct-to-consumer genetic tests and health sensors, health insurance companies are able to assess applicants for insurance coverage based on their individual needs. For example, if one’s genetic test reveals a higher probability of acquiring ovarian cancer, the insurance company could subsequently subsidise relevant tests and offer them more regularly to that person. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, such availability of personal data is also a double-edged sword. It \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-future-of-health-insurance-preparing-for-dr-big-brother\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">could lead to a dystopian, Orwellian scenario\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Insurance companies could demand access to individuals’ wearables data in order to offer insurance; charge higher premiums if customers aren’t maintaining a healthy lifestyle; and even discriminate against applicants based on their genetic risk. The U.S. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genome.gov\u002Fabout-genomics\u002Fpolicy-issues\u002FGenetic-Discrimination\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was set up to address such biases, but what if new insurance policies amend it due to pressure from lobbies?\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\n\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F041_crowdfounding_V2.png\" alt=\"future of health insurance\" class=\"wp-image-22082\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F041_crowdfounding_V2.png 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F041_crowdfounding_V2-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F041_crowdfounding_V2-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F041_crowdfounding_V2-512x288.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\u003Chr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\u002F>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are of course more such hazards emerging from the digital health world which we will encounter more frequently in the near future. So let’s start discussing these issues at home, at the workplace and on public forums. This way we can prepare to exploit the advantages technology offers, while keeping the potential dangers at bay.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003Cstrong>And we shall never forget: “\u003Cem>Primum non nocere\u003C\u002Fem>”!\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ci>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Written by Dr. Bertalan Meskó & Dr. Pranavsingh Dhunnoo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\">\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":211,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>There are many threats if we let medical innovation run wild. We collected 10 hazards that technology brings about in the digital health age.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",33749,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[215,216,217,218,33,219,220,221],504,511,500,798,507,799,494,[223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247],6243,517,6525,137,691,6743,224,692,6871,266,740,6873,1433,407,6875,1535,453,6877,6881,821,6883,845,6885,5267,6887,[249,250,251,252,253],947,948,949,950,952,[],[58,256,257,60,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267],1723,1833,2993,3825,1571,4505,1617,4907,1631,5013,1681,1683,[269,14,66,67,68,69,70,270,271,272,273,73,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306],"post-13151","category-artificial-intelligence","category-bioethics","category-biotechnology","category-digital-health-research","category-nanotechnology","category-security-privacy","category-telemedicine","tag-nanotics","tag-gc1","tag-neuralink","tag-algorithm","tag-wannacry","tag-hospitals","tag-ecg","tag-ransomware","tag-ct-scans","tag-google-2","tag-elon-musk","tag-hacking","tag-privacy","tag-smartwatch","tag-cryptocurrency","tag-facial-recognition","tag-wearables-2","tag-diabetic-retinopathy","tag-clearview-ai","tag-a-i","tag-sars-cov-2","tag-medtronic","tag-orwellian","tag-researchers","tag-genetic-information-nondiscrimination-act","project_category-company","project_category-developers","project_category-educators","project_category-medical-professionals","project_category-policy-makers",{"id":212,"alt_text":27,"caption":308,"description":27,"media_type":89,"media_details":309,"post":139,"source_url":330},"10 hazards ",{"width":310,"height":311,"file":312,"sizes":313,"image_meta":329},1920,1080,"2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_253-01.png",{"medium":314,"large":317,"thumbnail":320,"medium_large":323,"1536x1536":324},{"file":315,"width":119,"height":120,"mime-type":99,"source_url":316},"tmf_article_253-01-370x208.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_253-01-370x208.png",{"file":318,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":99,"source_url":319},"tmf_article_253-01-768x432.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_253-01-768x432.png",{"file":321,"width":117,"height":117,"mime-type":99,"source_url":322},"tmf_article_253-01-150x150.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_253-01-150x150.png",{"file":318,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":99,"source_url":319},{"file":325,"width":326,"height":327,"mime-type":99,"source_url":328},"tmf_article_253-01-1536x864.png","1536","864","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_253-01-1536x864.png",{"aperture":128,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":128,"copyright":27,"focal_length":128,"iso":128,"shutter_speed":128,"title":27,"orientation":128},"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ftmf_article_253-01.png",{"related_posts":20,"related_posts_footer":332,"cta_type":336,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[333,334,335],31729,33587,33075,"subscribe",{"yoast_wpseo_title":338,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":339,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":205},"TOP 10 Dangers Of Digital Health And Medical Innovation","There are many threats if we let medical innovation run wild. We collected 10 hazards that technology brings about in the digital health age.",{"self":341,"collection":346,"about":348,"author":350,"replies":352,"version-history":355,"predecessor-version":359,"wp:featuredmedia":363,"wp:attachment":366,"wp:term":369,"curies":380},[342],{"href":343,"targetHints":344},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F13151",{"allow":345},[149],[347],{"href":152},[349],{"href":155},[351],{"embeddable":26,"href":158},[353],{"embeddable":26,"href":354},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=13151",[356],{"count":357,"href":358},51,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F13151\u002Frevisions",[360],{"id":361,"href":362},48941,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F13151\u002Frevisions\u002F48941",[364],{"embeddable":26,"href":365},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F33749",[367],{"href":368},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=13151",[370,372,374,376,378],{"taxonomy":178,"embeddable":26,"href":371},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=13151",{"taxonomy":181,"embeddable":26,"href":373},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=13151",{"taxonomy":184,"embeddable":26,"href":375},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=13151",{"taxonomy":187,"embeddable":26,"href":377},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=13151",{"taxonomy":190,"embeddable":26,"href":379},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=13151",[381],{"name":194,"href":195,"templated":26},[],1789727518549]