[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":328},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-politics-genomics-in-the-us":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":195,"relatedBooks":327},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":32,"project_category":48,"contact_email_category":49,"yst_prominent_words":50,"class_list":63,"better_featured_image":86,"acf":131,"yoast_meta":139,"_links":142},25122,"2019-10-19T13:51:26","2019-10-19T11:51:26",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=25122&_wpnonce=c08c9870b7&status=auto-draft&type=post","2023-03-28T16:42:47","2023-03-28T14:42:47","politics-genomics-in-the-us","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fpolitics-genomics-in-the-us",{"rendered":17},"When Politics Meets Genomics In the US",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2019. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd> \u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>DNA collection from migrants who cross the US-Mexico border might be put in place soon, and the information will feed a large criminal database operated by the FBI, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Ff\u002F614466\u002Fdna-samples-will-now-be-taken-from-migrants-at-the-us-mexico-border-to-share-with-the-fbi\u002F\">announced headlines\u003C\u002Fa> early October. We’ve come a long way since the first direct-to-consumer (DTC) company, 23andme, started to offer ancestry DNA testing kits online. It seems as if it was decades ago – while in fact, we’re speaking about 10-12 years. How has DTC genetic testing culminated in population genomics – and what can we expect in the future to come? In the second part of our article series about genomics and politics, we’ll try to see where ‘DNA and population management’ the United States is heading.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>From DTC genetic testing to\npopulation management: the beginnings\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>When\nAnne Wojcicki co-founded 23andme in 2006 – we cannot emphasize this often\nenough: a little more than a decade ago –, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fastcompany.com\u002F3018598\u002Ffor-99-this-ceo-can-tell-you-what-might-kill-you-inside-23andme-founder-anne-wojcickis-dna-r\">her\ngoal was twofold\u003C\u002Fa>. She wanted \u003Cstrong>to bring\nthe power of genetic testing to everyday consumers so they can better manage\ntheir own health, and use the aggregated data from the tests to help doctors,\nscientists, hospitals, and researchers to discover new cures for diseases that\nemanate from troublesome genetic mutations.\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Their service was radical and brand-new: with a mouse click, you could order up your past and potential future. At first, regulators were baffled by the novelty and couldn’t do anything about it for years. However, in 2014 the FDA restricted 23andme’s operations saying that their health information services were not clear or complete enough for customers. So, the genetic testing company scaled back its activity mostly to provide data about ancestry. They have also \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.greensboro.com\u002Fnews\u002Flocal_news\u002Fsisters-find-each-other-through-dna-analysis\u002Farticle_e280fbab-74ab-50c0-b327-20770f646f42.html\">linked together long-lost family members\u003C\u002Fa> and have built family trees. However, the process couldn’t be halted. DTC genetic testing companies multiplied and the genetic data that fell into the hands of these companies started to grow exponentially.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1-512x358.jpg\" alt=\"genomics\" class=\"wp-image-22161\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1-512x358.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1.jpg 870w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">www.genengnews.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Around\n26 million people’s genetic data is out there\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Regulators had to realize that they cannot stop the flood, and everyone remains better off if they try to understand these services and lead the changes coming from personalized and widely accessible biotechnology. Thus, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F2017\u002F04\u002F23andme-won-back-right-foretell-diseases\u002F\">the FDA re-approved 23andme’s services\u003C\u002Fa> in 2017, which aim to tell people to which diseases they are susceptible, and by now they have tested more than 9 million people \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F612880\u002Fmore-than-26-million-people-have-taken-an-at-home-ancestry-test\u002F\">according to the sources of MIT Technology Review\u003C\u002Fa>. The company’s main competitor, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ancestry.com\u002Fdna\u002F\">AncestryDNA\u003C\u002Fa> is estimated to have tested around 14 million so far. Beyond the ‘biggest fish’ on the market, the number of ventures offering genetic testing services has been skyrocketing, and by now they have managed to analyze around 3.5 million DNA samples, which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F612880\u002Fmore-than-26-million-people-have-taken-an-at-home-ancestry-test\u002F\">brings the data up to 26 million\u003C\u002Fa>. Of course, it doesn’t exclusively mean Americans’ genetic information, but the biggest bulk of the data stems from the US.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>As \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ftop-companies-genomics\u002F\">the market started to boom\u003C\u002Fa>, all kinds of outsiders took notice: charlatans, police officers, the FBI, etc\u003C\u002Fstrong>. And while in some cases, it only means some out-of-place offerings: to know \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F609103\u002Fhow-to-spend-1900-on-gene-tests-without-learning-a-thing\u002F\">whether your kid is talented in football\u003C\u002Fa>, whether your \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fkarmagenes.co\u002F\">grumpy moods are coded in your genes\u003C\u002Fa>, or to find your \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.genepartner.com\u002F\">perfect match based on your DNA\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Cstrong>when the police and the FBI appear on the scene, it doesn’t feel like it’s innocent toying around with genes anymore\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-512x288.png\" alt=\"genomics in the US\" class=\"wp-image-22219\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-512x288.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F044_genomics.png 870w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>How the Golden State Killer’s case\nshows the way forward\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The power of DNA testing for law enforcement was first publicly revealed when the case of the Golden State Killer was solved last year – after decades of mystery. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statnews.com\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F26\u002Fgenealogy-golden-state-killer-privacy\u002F\">Investigators took DNA collected years ago from one of the crime scenes\u003C\u002Fa> and submitted it to one or more websites that have built up a vast database of consumer genetic information. The primary tool used was \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gedmatch.com\">GEDmatch\u003C\u002Fa>, a free open-source website that pools together genetic profiles uploaded by users seeking to conduct research or fill in gaps in their family trees, according to the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mercurynews.com\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F26\u002Fancestry-23andme-deny-assisting-law-enforcement-in-east-area-rapist-case\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003C\u002Fa>. And what’s more, investigators got access to GEDmatch’s database not with a court order, but by creating a fake profile and name on the site, according to the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fus\u002Fgolden-state-killer-case-joseph-deangelo.html?smid=tw-share\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times\u003C\u002Fa>. And GEDmatch is just one open-source website with the promise \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fanalyse-your-dna-in-your-living-room\u002F\">to further analyse your raw genetic data\u003C\u002Fa>. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>As a consequence, police officers not only found the Golden State Killer after decades but also a powerful tool for their investigations. By now, it has become a best practice: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fisogg.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLaw_enforcement_cases_solved_using_genetic_genealogy\">dozens of murder cases and sexual assault crimes were solved through genetics\u003C\u002Fa>. And where do they get their data from? Well, not only the aforementioned public databases but also from extrapolated genetic data and in the future, outright genetic data reporting duty, such as the one planned on the US-Mexico border – and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-genomic-data-challenges-of-the-future\u002F\">these are worrying aspects of genomic data privacy\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGolden-State-Killer-512x288.jpg\" alt=\"genomics in the US\" class=\"wp-image-25123\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGolden-State-Killer-512x288.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGolden-State-Killer-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGolden-State-Killer-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGolden-State-Killer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: www.localnews8.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>How\nanonymized is genetic data?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although testing establishments use anonymized data, \u003Cstrong>when the DNA of a million people is collected, it will become possible to extrapolate anyone’s personality from the genetic data. The latest research by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgenome-hackers-show-no-ones-dna-is-anonymous-anymore\u002F\">computational biologist Yaniv Erlich\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscience.sciencemag.org\u002Flookup\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.aau4832\">published in October 2018 in Science Magazine stated that\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgenome-hackers-show-no-ones-dna-is-anonymous-anymore\u002F\">more than 60 percent of Americans with European ancestry can be identified\u003C\u002Fa> through their DNA using open-access genetic genealogy databases, regardless of whether they’ve ever sent in a spit kit\u003C\u002Fstrong>. That’s worrying – or at least it should make people more cautious and conscious when deciding for doing a genetic test.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As Arthur L. Caplan, Professor of Bioethics at the Department of Population Health at New York University told The Medical Futurist, big data banks are being formed all over the US. “\u003Cem>Although the data is anonymized, identities can be figured out by correlating it with cell phone behavior, medical record or other indicators. It can quickly be figured out who is who\u003C\u002Fem>”, he explained and added that that’s extremely dangerous – especially because there are basically no legal barriers that could close the door on data privacy abuses.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-anonymity-512x342.jpg\" alt=\"genomics in the US\" class=\"wp-image-25124\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-anonymity-512x342.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-anonymity-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-anonymity-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-anonymity.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: www.thednageek.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Legislation,\nwhere are you? We brought you cookies…\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>“\u003Cem>We have some legal protection but they were written 25 years ago. They don’t really cover what genetics can do today\u003C\u002Fem>,” commented Professor Caplan. \u003Cstrong>Many privacy experts are just as concerned that the only law in the US currently covering \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genome.gov\u002F27568492\u002Fthe-genetic-information-nondiscrimination-act-of-2008\u002F\">genetic privacy, the Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act\u003C\u002Fa> (also known as GINA) is too old and too narrow\u003C\u002Fstrong> in its focus on banning employers or insurance companies from accessing this information. The GINA came into being in 2008 – just two years after the establishment of 23andme – and that’s worrying as we could see only from this piece how much has happened since. \u003Cstrong>Still, other than that, there is literally nothing – the genetic information space is in many respects still uncharted legislative territory, and consumers are taking the genetic testing companies at their word\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>That should worry consumers from many respects – some of that already specified above. Without proper legislation, companies could use and re-use genomic data for many purposes outside the sight of the consumer – for example \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-genomic-data-challenges-of-the-future\u002F\">a genomic big data market\u003C\u002Fa> could evolve where genetic information of unsuspecting individuals is sold and bought in bulk – and it also gives more space for governments, law enforcement units, and courts to act upon such data. \u003Cstrong>There should be legislation that strengthens the need for informed consent about genetic data usage, as well as stronger penalties for the release of genetic data to third parties without permission.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGenetics-And-Law-512x384.jpg\" alt=\"genomics in the US\" class=\"wp-image-25125\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGenetics-And-Law-512x384.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGenetics-And-Law-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FGenetics-And-Law.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: www.wired.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Population management through insurance – is Big Brother really coming?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>What might be the fate of the genetic information that’s planned to be collected from migrants at the US-Mexico border? Professor Caplan says that the data could be used for example to check whether a claim about motherhood or fatherhood is true or with regards to potential disease risks. ‘\u003Cem>It’s extremely controversial because they’re invading privacy, creating databases with no one’s permission, and there’s no control of who can use the data in the government – it could be the police, the military or almost anybody who chooses to look\u003C\u002Fem>, he explained. And while he acknowledged how efficient that could be in enforcing anti-immigration policies, he ultimately sees it as a very dangerous development.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>It’s easy to see the reason why. \u003Cstrong>Genetic-based management and policing of certain groups in society could easily spill over from immigration to other parts of society. “\u003Cem>In the political sphere is starting to be used a little bit to make predictions about things like who’s going to need health insurance or disability insurance. That’s politically controversial, too, as you would assume that insurance companies want to use this information to weed out people who are high risk\u003C\u002Fem>”,\u003C\u002Fstrong> Professor Caplan added. During the years, we could already follow how health insurance companies teamed up with huge corporations to offer fitness wearable data-based benefit programs – for example John Hancock, the U.S. division of Canadian insurance giant Manulife, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness\u002Fjohn-hancock-manulife-1.4831629\">requires customers to use activity trackers\u003C\u002Fa> for life insurance policies in their Vitality program if they want to get discounts on their premiums and other perks. A huge step towards \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-future-of-health-insurance-preparing-for-dr-big-brother\u002F\">health insurance Big Brother\u003C\u002Fa> – a state where insurance companies reward or penalize you based on constantly monitored behavior. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-MARYLAND-POLICE_V2-512x288.jpg\" alt=\"genomics in the US\" class=\"wp-image-25126\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-MARYLAND-POLICE_V2-512x288.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-MARYLAND-POLICE_V2-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-MARYLAND-POLICE_V2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-MARYLAND-POLICE_V2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FDNA-MARYLAND-POLICE_V2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: www.wired.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Will the next step be adding genetic data next to tracker information? Where would that lead? First of all, even more surveillance and even less freedom for the individual – in exchange for more security. But whose security? The security of the health insurance company on their bonds? The security of the state – from an immigrant? Where is the individual’s choice here?\u003C\u002Fstrong> All these ethical and regulatory issues are at our doorsteps and need to be dealt with as quickly as possible – and not after another decade. Unfortunately, Professor Caplan doesn’t see that happening any time soon. ‘\u003Cem>We would sadly need an outright crisis where a group of people are harmed – lose their benefits or can’t get jobs because of the abuse of genetic information. We need a scandal\u003C\u002Fem>’, he explained as he doesn’t see politicians understanding genetics that much to legislate ahead, so he speculated that only when such cases would be taken to court could they be dealt with. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>That certainly doesn’t sound rosy and promising at all. Here, we call upon regulators and policy-makers in the U.S. to try to avoid such a scenario from happening: genetic and genomic data issues are of utmost importance – and going to be even more significant in the future. So it’s their duty to understand it better and create timely legislation. GINA should not stand alone anymore.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>DNA collection from migrants who cross the US-Mexico border might be put in place soon, and the information will feed a large criminal database operated by the FBI, announced headlines early October. We’ve come a long way since the first direct-to-consumer (DTC) company, 23andme, started to offer ancestry DNA testing kits online. It seems as it was decades ago – while in fact, we’re speaking about 10-12 years. How has DTC genetic testing culminated in population genomics – and what can we expect in the future to come? In the second part of our article series about genomics and politics, we’ll try to see where ‘DNA and population management’ the United States is heading.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,25127,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31],488,[33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47],382,425,547,153,869,213,1513,229,1514,246,1515,256,1516,260,262,[],[],[51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62],1883,1969,1975,1979,2063,2903,2921,2987,2991,2993,1693,4507,[64,14,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85],"post-25122","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genomics","tag-science","tag-technology-2","tag-policy-making","tag-biotechnology-2","tag-regulation","tag-dna-testing","tag-politics","tag-ethics","tag-usa","tag-future","tag-us","tag-genes","tag-american","tag-genetics","tag-genomics",{"id":24,"alt_text":87,"caption":27,"description":88,"media_type":89,"media_details":90,"post":5,"source_url":130},"tmf_genomics in the US","TMF","image",{"width":91,"height":92,"file":93,"sizes":94,"image_meta":127},1024,576,"2019\u002F10\u002FImage-from-iOS-1.jpg",{"medium":95,"large":101,"thumbnail":106,"medium_large":110,"large_old_512x288":111,"thumbnail_old_150x150":116,"medium_old_370x208":118,"medium_large_old_768x432":121,"large_old_512x288_old_512x288":124},{"file":96,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":99,"source_url":100},"Image-from-iOS-1-370x208.jpg",370,208,"image\u002Fjpeg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FImage-from-iOS-1-370x208.jpg",{"file":102,"width":103,"height":104,"mime-type":99,"source_url":105},"Image-from-iOS-1-768x432.jpg",768,432,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FImage-from-iOS-1-768x432.jpg",{"file":107,"width":108,"height":108,"mime-type":99,"source_url":109},"Image-from-iOS-1-150x150.jpg",150,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FImage-from-iOS-1-150x150.jpg",{"file":102,"width":103,"height":104,"mime-type":99,"source_url":105},{"file":112,"width":113,"height":114,"mime-type":99,"source_url":115},"Image-from-iOS-1-512x288.jpg",512,288,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FImage-from-iOS-1-512x288.jpg",{"file":107,"width":117,"height":117,"mime-type":99,"source_url":109},"150",{"file":96,"width":119,"height":120,"mime-type":99,"source_url":100},"370","208",{"file":102,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":99,"source_url":105},"768","432",{"file":112,"width":125,"height":126,"mime-type":99,"source_url":115},"512","288",{"aperture":128,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":128,"copyright":27,"focal_length":128,"iso":128,"shutter_speed":128,"title":27,"orientation":128,"keywords":129},"0",[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F10\u002FImage-from-iOS-1.jpg",{"related_posts_footer":132,"related_posts":20,"cta_type":137,"cta_color":138,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[133,134,135,136],24944,22156,22209,17644,"subscribe","blue",{"yoast_wpseo_title":140,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":141,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"When Politics Meets Genomics In the US - The Medical Futurist","In the second part of our article series about genomics and politics, we’ll try to see where ‘DNA and population management’ the United States is heading.",{"self":143,"collection":149,"about":152,"author":155,"replies":158,"version-history":161,"predecessor-version":165,"wp:featuredmedia":169,"wp:attachment":172,"wp:term":175,"curies":191},[144],{"href":145,"targetHints":146},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F25122",{"allow":147},[148],"GET",[150],{"href":151},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[153],{"href":154},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[156],{"embeddable":26,"href":157},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[159],{"embeddable":26,"href":160},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=25122",[162],{"count":163,"href":164},8,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F25122\u002Frevisions",[166],{"id":167,"href":168},50319,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F25122\u002Frevisions\u002F50319",[170],{"embeddable":26,"href":171},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F25127",[173],{"href":174},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=25122",[176,179,182,185,188],{"taxonomy":177,"embeddable":26,"href":178},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=25122",{"taxonomy":180,"embeddable":26,"href":181},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=25122",{"taxonomy":183,"embeddable":26,"href":184},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=25122",{"taxonomy":186,"embeddable":26,"href":187},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=25122",{"taxonomy":189,"embeddable":26,"href":190},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=25122",[192],{"name":193,"href":194,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[196],{"id":136,"date":197,"date_gmt":198,"guid":199,"modified":201,"modified_gmt":202,"slug":203,"status":13,"type":14,"link":204,"title":205,"content":207,"excerpt":209,"author":23,"featured_media":211,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":20,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":212,"categories":213,"tags":215,"project_category":225,"contact_email_category":226,"yst_prominent_words":227,"class_list":231,"better_featured_image":243,"acf":273,"yoast_meta":282,"_links":285},"2018-04-11T06:15:48","2018-04-11T04:15:48",{"rendered":200},"http:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?p=17644","2022-05-25T17:40:11","2022-05-25T15:40:11","rise-in-population-genomics-local-government-in-india-will-use-blockchain-to-secure-genetic-data","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Frise-in-population-genomics-local-government-in-india-will-use-blockchain-to-secure-genetic-data",{"rendered":206},"Rise in Population Genomics: Local Government in India Will Use Blockchain to Secure Genetic Data",{"rendered":208,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2018. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Blockchain will secure the DNA database for 50 million citizens in the eighth-largest state in India. The government of Andhra Pradesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding with a German genomics and precision medicine start-up, Shivom, which announced to start the pilot project soon. The move falls in line with a trend for governments turning to population genomics, and at the same time securing the sensitive data through blockchain.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Andhra Pradesh, DNA, and blockchain\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Storing sensitive genetic information safely and securely is a big challenge. Shivom builds a genomic data-hub powered by blockchain technology. It aims to connect researchers with DNA data donors thus facilitating medical research and the healthcare industry.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>With regards to Andhra Pradesh, the start-up will first launch a trial to determine the viability of their technology for moving from a proactive to a preventive approach in medicine, and towards precision health. “Our partnership with Shivom explores the possibilities of providing an efficient way of diagnostic services to patients of Andhra Pradesh by maintaining the privacy of the individual data through blockchain technologies,” said J A Chowdary, IT Advisor to Chief Minister, Government of Andhra Pradesh.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The local government in India is a pioneer in the utilization of the latest technologies, such as the blockchain, to make citizens’ lives better. It had already partnered with a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.coindesk.com\u002Fandhra-pradesh-partners-with-chromaway-to-develop-blockchain-land-registry\u002F\">Swedish start-up, ChromaWay on a land registry pilot\u003C\u002Fa> that uses blockchain to track the ownership of property. Early March 2018, the government of Andhra Pradesh \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thenewsminute.com\u002Farticle\u002Fap-govt-signs-mou-new-york-based-consensys-boost-blockchain-adoption-state-77507\">signed another MoU with a New York-based blockchain company, ConsenSys\u003C\u002Fa> to pilot use-cases in the areas of land titling, supply chain, identity platform or electronic health records.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-17645\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fmapmygenome.jpg\" alt=\"population genomics\" class=\"wp-image-17645\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fmapmygenome.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fmapmygenome-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fmapmygenome-512x341.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fmapmygenome-375x250.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: Mapmygenome India Ltd.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Population genomics on the rise\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The example of Andhra Pradesh falls into line with the moves of other early-adopters on the path towards personalized medicine of scale. On 20 March 2018, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffuturism.com\u002Fgenetic-testing-estonia\u002F\">Estonia launched the first stage of a national state-sponsored genetic testing and information service\u003C\u002Fa> providing 100,000 of its 1.3 million residents with information on their genetic risk for certain diseases.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Already in 2015, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F536096\u002Fgenome-study-predicts-dna-of-the-whole-of-iceland\u002F\">MIT Review reported\u003C\u002Fa> that a genetics company in Iceland named DeCode Genetics collected full DNA sequences on 10,000 individuals. And since the population in Iceland totals around 320,000 citizens, and they are fairly closely related, Decode said it could extrapolate to accurately guess the DNA makeup of nearly the whole population of the country, including those who never participated in its studies.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Many countries and communities will follow their examples soon. By 2025, between 100 million and 2 billion human genomes will have been sequenced, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Fnews\u002Fgenome-researchers-raise-alarm-over-big-data-1.17912#\u002Fb1\">researchers said\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-17646\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fnewsweek.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17646\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fnewsweek.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fnewsweek-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fnewsweek-512x256.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002Fnewsweek-458x229.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>A woman walks past a wall decorated with children’s portraits in downtown Reykjavik, Iceland in November 2008. Source: GUO LEI\u002FXINHUA\u002FEYEVINE\u002FREDUX\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Blockchain can keep DNA information safe – but what about access and purchase?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>That massive amount of data raises several serious questions and concerns. How could genetic information be kept safe? Who will have access to the data and how will that access be granted? Will big genomic data be monetized?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Data privacy and security is of utmost importance in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fcambridge-analytica-private-facebook-messages\">the age of Cambridge Analytica and the Facebook data fiasco\u003C\u002Fa>, and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fwhat-the-hell-is-blockchain-what-does-it-mean-for-healthcare-and-pharma\u002F\">blockchain might be the technological response\u003C\u002Fa> to the worries. However, backdoors for breaching privacy should be kept closed. For example, Shivom announced that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002F1244824\u002Fandhra-pradesh-is-using-blockchain-to-collect-dna-data-of-50-million-citizens\u002F\">researchers and governments will be allowed to buy or access anonymous raw genomic data stored in the cloud\u003C\u002Fa>. So, who will get access and how? Who will buy and sell genetic information? Some companies, such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimpactcee.com\u002F2018\u002F02\u002F21\u002Fnebula-genomics-will-help-you-monetise-your-dna\u002F\">Nebula Genomics, already propose users to sell their DNA: retain ownership and make a profit\u003C\u002Fa>. Moreover, what if people living in underdeveloped regions provide their samples having no control over them or not even knowing what happens to their data?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>These burning questions have to be addressed soon as the era of big genomic data is upon us and the overall goal should be to help people prevent diseases and live a satisfactory life based on their genetic information.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fthemedicalfuturist.us8.list-manage.com\u002Fsubscribe?u=5b42ebb547c75ff669a6572d3&id=efd6a3cd08\">\u003Cb>Subscribe To The Medical Futurist℠ Newsletter\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\u003Cli>News shaping the future of healthcare\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Advice on taking charge of your health\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Reviews of the latest health technology\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n",{"rendered":210,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Blockchain will secure the DNA database for 50 million citizens in the eighth-largest state in India. The government of Andhra Pradesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding with a German genomics and precision medicine start-up, Shivom, which announced to start the pilot project soon. The move falls in line with a trend for governments turning to population genomics, and at the same time securing the sensitive data through blockchain.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",17647,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,214],799,[216,217,218,42,219,220,221,46,222,47,223,224],608,655,212,864,259,865,261,271,275,[],[],[228,57,62,61,229,51,230,54],2917,1729,1973,[232,14,65,66,67,68,69,70,233,234,235,236,80,237,238,239,84,240,85,241,242],"post-17644","category-security-privacy","tag-precision-medicine","tag-genome-sequencing","tag-dna","tag-predictive-health","tag-genetic-testing","tag-precision-health","tag-genome","tag-health","tag-healthcare",{"id":211,"alt_text":244,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":89,"media_details":245,"post":136,"source_url":272},"population genomics",{"width":246,"height":247,"file":248,"sizes":249,"image_meta":270},870,508,"2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain.jpg",{"medium":250,"large":253,"thumbnail":257,"medium_large":260,"large_old_512x299":261,"medium_old_429x250":265},{"file":251,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":99,"source_url":252},"180326-blockchain-370x208.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain-370x208.jpg",{"file":254,"width":103,"height":255,"mime-type":99,"source_url":256},"180326-blockchain-768x448.jpg",448,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain-768x448.jpg",{"file":258,"width":108,"height":108,"mime-type":99,"source_url":259},"180326-blockchain-150x150.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain-150x150.jpg",{"file":254,"width":103,"height":255,"mime-type":99,"source_url":256},{"file":262,"width":113,"height":263,"mime-type":99,"source_url":264},"180326-blockchain-512x299.jpg",299,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain-512x299.jpg",{"file":266,"width":267,"height":268,"mime-type":99,"source_url":269},"180326-blockchain-429x250.jpg",429,250,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain-429x250.jpg",{"aperture":128,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":128,"copyright":27,"focal_length":128,"iso":128,"shutter_speed":128,"title":27,"orientation":128,"keywords":271},[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F180326-blockchain.jpg",{"related_posts":274,"related_posts_footer":278,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[275,276,277],21392,21284,20749,[279,280,281],17773,17759,15120,{"yoast_wpseo_title":283,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":284,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":204},"Rise in Population Genomics: Local Government in India Will Use Blockchain to Secure Genetic Data - The Medical Futurist","Blockchain will secure a DNA database for 50 million citizens in India. 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