[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":391},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-locked-and-adaptive-algorithms-in-healthcare-differences-importance-and-regulatory-hurdles":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":158,"relatedBooks":301},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":33,"project_category":37,"contact_email_category":40,"yst_prominent_words":41,"class_list":46,"better_featured_image":60,"acf":93,"yoast_meta":102,"_links":105},39279,"2022-02-22T10:00:00","2022-02-22T09:00:00",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=39279&_wpnonce=be57bcb3cf&status=auto-draft&type=post","2022-02-22T08:03:49","2022-02-22T07:03:49","locked-and-adaptive-algorithms-in-healthcare-differences-importance-and-regulatory-hurdles","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Flocked-and-adaptive-algorithms-in-healthcare-differences-importance-and-regulatory-hurdles",{"rendered":17},"Locked And Adaptive Algorithms In Healthcare: Differences, Importance And Regulatory Hurdles",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>Consider two hypothetical artificial intelligence (A.I.)-based assistive tools in a healthcare setting: algorithm A and algorithm B. Algorithm A, having been rigorously trained on existing data sets, will provide robust results on what is known in those data inputs. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>On the other hand, algorithm B, in addition to having been rigorously trained, analyses data in real-time from around the world to get new insights and improve on its recommendations. Would you pick one over the other?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Arguably, the second type of A.I., relying on an “adaptive” algorithm, holds more potential; especially in cases of new or poorly understood conditions. Take for example the COVID-19 pandemic, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statnews.com\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F02\u002Fhow-should-fda-regulate-adaptive-ai\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">such an adaptive A. I. tool\u003C\u002Fa> could pool data from institutions using the same system and have better insights into how specific dosage influences a patient’s health. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>So far, type A algorithms have been put into practice and approved by regulatory bodies like the FDA. But health authorities are already anticipating a future with adaptive algorithms. In 2019, the FDA, which has been taking the lead in regulating A. I.-based medical tools, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Ffiles\u002Fmedical%20devices\u002Fpublished\u002FUS-FDA-Artificial-Intelligence-and-Machine-Learning-Discussion-Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">issued a whitepaper\u003C\u002Fa> to propose a regulatory framework for these algorithms and to receive feedback from stakeholders. They followed up with \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fmedia\u002F145022\u002Fdownload\" target=\"_blank\">an action plan\u003C\u002Fa> in 2021, laying out the pathway for approvals.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, this only represents the early steps in regulating adaptive medical A.I. These will most certainly form part of the future of medical settings but won’t make their presence felt without significant regulatory hurdles, as we will contemplate in this article.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>A static approach: locked algorithms in healthcare\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>While the term might not be familiar to most, “locked” algorithms in medical devices are what \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41746-020-00324-0\" target=\"_blank\">regulatory authorities have approved of\u003C\u002Fa> in the recent past. The \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Ffiles\u002Fmedical%20devices\u002Fpublished\u002FUS-FDA-Artificial-Intelligence-and-Machine-Learning-Discussion-Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">FDA defines a “locked” algorithm as\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Cem>“an algorithm that provides the same result each time the same input is applied to it and does not change”\u003C\u002Fem>. The U.S.-based regulatory body has cleared or approved a number of those; and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftmfinstitute.org\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">The Medical Futurist Institute\u003C\u002Fa> pioneered the first \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fnew-study-the-state-of-artificial-intelligence-based-fda-approved-medical-devices-and-algorithms-an-online-database\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">open-access, online database\u003C\u002Fa> of these FDA-approved A.I.-based algorithms.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ffda-approvals-ai-algorithms-768x660.png\" alt=\"FDA-approved AI-based algorithms\" class=\"wp-image-33293\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ffda-approvals-ai-algorithms-768x660.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F03\u002Ffda-approvals-ai-algorithms.png 1257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>The first open access, online database of FDA-approved A.I.-based algorithms\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For example, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.alivecor.com\u002Fpress\u002Fpress_release\u002Ffda-clears-first-of-its-kind-algorithm-suite-for-personal-ecg\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KardiaAI\u003C\u002Fa> in AliveCor’s personal, handheld ECG monitors has been trained to detect cardiac rhythm anomalies such as atrial fibrillation. If the software detects such a reading as it has been trained to do, it will alert the user of a suspicious reading. Similarly, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-permits-marketing-artificial-intelligence-based-device-detect-certain-diabetes-related-eye\">IDx-DR alg\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-permits-marketing-artificial-intelligence-based-device-detect-certain-diabetes-related-eye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">o\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-permits-marketing-artificial-intelligence-based-device-detect-certain-diabetes-related-eye\">rithm\u003C\u002Fa> can help screen for diabetic retinopathy from retinal camera images as it has been trained to do.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, these algorithms adopt the static approach of locked algorithms. If the developers want their A. I. to be more accurate or to suggest new treatment options based on new data, they will need to train the A. I. on new data sets, test and lock them again before releasing a usable version that will be inspected by the FDA.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The next step in assistive tools: adaptive algorithms\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In contrast, an adaptive algorithm does not require such active involvement and retraining from its developers. The FDA \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Ffiles\u002Fmedical%20devices\u002Fpublished\u002FUS-FDA-Artificial-Intelligence-and-Machine-Learning-Discussion-Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">defines an “adaptive” algorithm as\u003C\u002Fa> one that \u003Cem>“changes its behaviour using a defined learning process”.\u003C\u002Fem> The changes are implemented such that for a given set of inputs, the output may be different before and after the changes are implemented, the regulatory authority adds.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The edge that adaptive algorithms present lies within their ability to learn continuously and self-improve without input from their developers. This is because the need for a change or update in the software might only become evident after the device or software has been released. An adaptive algorithm would thus be able to still update and learn from real-world experience.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Consider how Google’s researchers developed \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fgoogle-medical-researchers-humbled-when-ai-screening-tool-falls-short-in-real-life-testing\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">an algorithm to detect diabetic retinopathy\u003C\u002Fa> with 90% accuracy… in theory. However, in practice, it fared less accurately due to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fgoogle-medical-researchers-humbled-when-ai-screening-tool-falls-short-in-real-life-testing\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">issues encountered in real-life clinical settings\u003C\u002Fa> such as the quality of images used. In this case, an adaptive A. I. could adapt to these situations to deliver results by training on such types of image quality, even if it wasn’t initially trained to do so.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-768x432.png\" alt=\"A.I. in medicine\" class=\"wp-image-23751\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F065_compassionate_care_v2-512x288.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Such types of algorithms represent the next step in healthcare A. I. and the FDA seems to envision a future where adaptive algorithms will make their way into the industry. This is hinted at by its aforementioned \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Ffiles\u002Fmedical%20devices\u002Fpublished\u002FUS-FDA-Artificial-Intelligence-and-Machine-Learning-Discussion-Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">proposed framework\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fmedia\u002F145022\u002Fdownload\" target=\"_blank\">action plan\u003C\u002Fa>. In the latter, the FDA even noted how it provided in 2020 \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-authorizes-marketing-first-cardiac-ultrasound-software-uses-artificial-intelligence-guide-user\" target=\"_blank\">marketing authorisation of the Caption Guidance\u003C\u002Fa> A. I. software, the first such cardiac ultrasound software. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>This approval is particularly notable for the manufacturer’s use of a \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fmedical-devices\u002Fsoftware-medical-device-samd\u002Fartificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-software-medical-device\" target=\"_blank\">Predetermined Change Control Plan\u003C\u002Fa> to incorporate future modifications subject to transparency and real-world performance monitoring from the manufacturer. While not involving fully adaptive algorithms as updates will \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statnews.com\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F02\u002Fhow-should-fda-regulate-adaptive-ai\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">primarily be handled by the software itself\u003C\u002Fa>, this stance signifies a step towards regulating adaptive algorithms. It is a step that regulators must take in order to transition to such regulations in the age of A.I.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Clinical boon or regulatory nightmare?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, this ability of an A.I. to continuously adapt its behaviour represents a double-edged sword. It would represent a herculean task for regulators to monitor how the A. I. is getting updated, what data input it is drawing its insights from and how this is influencing clinical practice.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Closely monitoring the data set used to train A. I. will become crucial given that existing medical data is \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.sciencemag.org\u002Fcontent\u002F366\u002F6464\u002F447\" target=\"_blank\">fraught with inherent biases\u003C\u002Fa>. By evolving on such data, adaptive A. I. will only reinforce those harmful biases such as discriminating based on one’s ethnicity and\u002For gender. It will thus represent an almost impossible task to regulate such ever-evolving software. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAI-privacy-768x384.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39283\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAI-privacy-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAI-privacy-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAI-privacy-2048x1024.jpg 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAI-privacy.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Even with all of their radical potentials, we still consider adaptive algorithms as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fbioethical-issues\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a potential hazard in healthcare\u003C\u002Fa>. So would it be better to ban adaptive algorithms altogether? Probably not but a closely regulated landscape has to be set up before they become part of regular clinical practice. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As former FDA commissioner \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mobihealthnews.com\u002Fcontent\u002Ffda-takes-first-steps-toward-new-guidance-adaptive-medical-ai\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Scott Gottlieb said\u003C\u002Fa>: \u003Cem>“As algorithms evolve, the FDA must also modernize our approach to regulating these products.”\u003C\u002Fem> Health regulators might have been dealing \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statnews.com\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F02\u002Fhow-should-fda-regulate-adaptive-ai\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">almost exclusively with locked algorithms\u003C\u002Fa> for now, but they will have to evolve in tandem with the medical A.I. landscape to better tackle challenges down the line. As Dr. Gottlieb puts it: \u003Cem>“We must ensure that we can continue to provide a gold standard of safety and effectiveness.” \u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Written by Dr. Bertalan Meskó & Dr. Pranavsingh Dhunnoo\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Locked And Adaptive Algorithms In Healthcare Differences, Importance And Regulatory Hurdles\u003C\u002Fp>\n",16,39341,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32],7079,504,[34,35,36],7517,7519,7521,[38,39],950,952,[],[42,43,44,45],1693,2689,2705,5067,[47,14,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59],"post-39279","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tmf","category-artificial-intelligence","tag-a-i-in-healthcare","tag-locked-algorithm","tag-adaptive-algorithm","project_category-medical-professionals","project_category-policy-makers",{"id":24,"alt_text":61,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":62,"media_details":63,"post":91,"source_url":92},"A.I. algorithms","image",{"width":64,"height":65,"file":66,"sizes":67,"image_meta":89},1920,1080,"2022\u002F02\u002FTop-AI-companies.png",{"medium":68,"large":74,"thumbnail":79,"medium_large":83,"1536x1536":84},{"file":69,"width":70,"height":71,"mime-type":72,"source_url":73},"Top-AI-companies-370x208.png","370","208","image\u002Fpng","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FTop-AI-companies-370x208.png",{"file":75,"width":76,"height":77,"mime-type":72,"source_url":78},"Top-AI-companies-768x432.png","768","432","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FTop-AI-companies-768x432.png",{"file":80,"width":81,"height":81,"mime-type":72,"source_url":82},"Top-AI-companies-150x150.png","150","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FTop-AI-companies-150x150.png",{"file":75,"width":76,"height":77,"mime-type":72,"source_url":78},{"file":85,"width":86,"height":87,"mime-type":72,"source_url":88},"Top-AI-companies-1536x864.png","1536","864","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FTop-AI-companies-1536x864.png",{"aperture":90,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":90,"copyright":27,"focal_length":90,"iso":90,"shutter_speed":90,"title":27,"orientation":90},"0",null,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FTop-AI-companies.png",{"cta_type":94,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":95,"related_posts_footer":98,"related_posts":20},"subscribe",[96,97],24762,24761,[99,100,101],10785,16375,17789,{"yoast_wpseo_title":103,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":104,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"Locked And Adaptive Algorithms In Healthcare: Differences, Importance And Regulatory Hurdles - The Medical Futurist","Locked algorithms do what we humans teach them to do, while adaptive algorithms learn to understand more from the data they crunch",{"self":106,"collection":112,"about":115,"author":118,"replies":121,"version-history":124,"predecessor-version":128,"wp:featuredmedia":132,"wp:attachment":135,"wp:term":138,"curies":154},[107],{"href":108,"targetHints":109},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F39279",{"allow":110},[111],"GET",[113],{"href":114},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[116],{"href":117},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[119],{"embeddable":26,"href":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F16",[122],{"embeddable":26,"href":123},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=39279",[125],{"count":126,"href":127},11,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F39279\u002Frevisions",[129],{"id":130,"href":131},39429,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F39279\u002Frevisions\u002F39429",[133],{"embeddable":26,"href":134},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F39341",[136],{"href":137},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=39279",[139,142,145,148,151],{"taxonomy":140,"embeddable":26,"href":141},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=39279",{"taxonomy":143,"embeddable":26,"href":144},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=39279",{"taxonomy":146,"embeddable":26,"href":147},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=39279",{"taxonomy":149,"embeddable":26,"href":150},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=39279",{"taxonomy":152,"embeddable":26,"href":153},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=39279",[155],{"name":156,"href":157,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[159],{"id":101,"date":160,"date_gmt":161,"guid":162,"modified":164,"modified_gmt":165,"slug":166,"status":13,"type":14,"link":167,"title":168,"content":170,"excerpt":172,"author":174,"featured_media":175,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":176,"categories":177,"tags":179,"project_category":190,"contact_email_category":191,"yst_prominent_words":192,"class_list":198,"better_featured_image":211,"acf":246,"yoast_meta":255,"_links":258},"2018-05-03T17:13:54","2018-05-03T15:13:54",{"rendered":163},"http:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?p=17789","2022-05-25T17:44:05","2022-05-25T15:44:05","40-most-exciting-questions-in-digital-health","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F40-most-exciting-questions-in-digital-health",{"rendered":169},"The 40 Most Exciting Questions in Digital Health",{"rendered":171,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2018. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>There is only one thing The Medical Futurist loves more than speaking about the future of healthcare: to respond to provocative questions. What comes after the wearable sensor revolution? Can an algorithm diagnose better than a doctor? What makes someone a cyborg? Will we be able to read or transmit thoughts? Medical professionals, industry experts, young entrepreneurs, students, and patients had raised more than a thousand questions over the last decade after the keynotes – one is better than the other. Now you can read the 40 most exciting ones collected in an e-book.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Questions move the world forward\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>According to Plato and Aristotle, philosophy begins in wonder. You start to question the shape of the clouds or why ants work in hives, the next thing you know you are already contemplating about geography or social psychology. Examining the “natural” order of things helps us explain the world, see our environment in new, different ways and move forward. That’s why it is a great honor to get questions, and why The Medical Futurist loves to get questions even more than giving keynotes.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As you know, The Medical Futurist is a frequent flyer. From Pittsburgh to Lisbon, from Tokyo to Melbourne, giving hundreds of keynotes before hundreds of audiences. But the excitement is always highest at the end of the speeches when the questions pour down like rain. Medical professionals, industry experts, young entrepreneurs, students, and patients have raised more than a thousand issues over the last decade.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>So, we decided that these questions were just too good just to only be answered on the stage and collected the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Famzn.to\u002F2w7Bczq\">40 most exciting ones with illustrations and infographics in an e-book\u003C\u002Fa> (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanpub.com\u002F40questions\">PDF\u003C\u002Fa>). Here’s a glimpse of it.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Ca class=\"img\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanpub.com\u002F40questions\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"870\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F40-questions-about-the-future-of-healthcare.png\" alt=\"questions in digital health\" class=\"wp-image-17791\"\u002F\u003C\u002Fa srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F40-questions-about-the-future-of-healthcare.png 632w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F40-questions-about-the-future-of-healthcare-372x512.png 372w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F40-questions-about-the-future-of-healthcare-182x250.png 182w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F40-questions-about-the-future-of-healthcare-768x1057.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>When will we find the cure for cancer?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Medical students ask how they can prepare for the future. Patients ask about ethical issues and what they should do for their own health. Physicians ask whether robots and algorithms will replace them. Industry experts inquire about business opportunities. Engineers ask about practical solutions in design, and how devices might be better used at home. Many-many fascinating and timely topics, relevant issues.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>One time The Medical Futurist spoke at a conference in the Netherlands. After the talk, a patient raised her hand and explained how there were many incidents of cancer in her family. She wanted to know when we would finally find a cure. Her tone suggested that she was optimistic one would be found eventually.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, she was not happy with the answer. Every patient’s cancer is unique and genetically different. Each of us is genetically different from the others and thus reacts to diseases in an idiosyncratic way. Finding a “cure for cancer” implies that cancer is a single disease. But it is not.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F03\u002Fwhat-is-precision-medicine.png\" alt=\"What is Precision Medicine\" class=\"wp-image-15355\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F03\u002Fwhat-is-precision-medicine.png 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F03\u002Fwhat-is-precision-medicine-768x313.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F03\u002Fwhat-is-precision-medicine-512x209.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F03\u002Fwhat-is-precision-medicine-458x187.png 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Precision medicine, nanorobots, and social media to change the nature of cancer\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Modern medicine has strived to describe the background of cancer for decades. After cardiovascular diseases, it is the leading cause of death worldwide. Lung scans, tumor markers in the blood, and simple dermatological tests can all identify cancer at an early stage. Early cancer detection can be based either on molecular features or symptoms. Imagine if specific blood tests became so inexpensive that it would be worth checking these on a regular basis. Alternatively, perhaps \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fgetting-smaller-and-smarter-nanotechnology-in-healthcare\u002F\">nanorobots swimming in our bloodstream\u003C\u002Fa> could keep an eye on these indicators regularly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Another approach is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fprecision-medicine-best-hope-fight-cancer\u002F\">precision medicine\u003C\u002Fa>: developing treatments that can either assist the immune system or target cancerous cells directly. The former is promising, but a greater effort has been put into the latter. Therapies have been designed that target cancerous tissue based on its genetic composition. Tissue from a lung cancer patient can be genetically analyzed today, and treatment options selected by its genetic background.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, cancer is not just about finding effective treatments. Dealing with cancer is sometimes a decades-long affair. Patients need ongoing emotional and social support, and here is where the long–tail effect of social media comes in. Patients who have a rare disease are unlikely to meet like-minded individuals where they live. However, finding them online is quite possible. Online community sites such as \u003Cem>Inspire\u003C\u002Fem> or \u003Cem>Smart Patients\u003C\u002Fem> have been around for years. In these communities, patients share medical issues with one another as well as personal stories. The real goal is to make cancer a short bump in life instead of a life event that might lead to death. We won’t cure cancer as one disease, but we have better technologies to make the life-event-to-bump transformation happen. Until then, keep an eye on the distressing symptoms.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F03\u002Ffuture-of-cancer-care.jpg\" alt=\"Future of cancer care\" class=\"wp-image-13739\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F03\u002Ffuture-of-cancer-care.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F03\u002Ffuture-of-cancer-care-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F03\u002Ffuture-of-cancer-care-512x207.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F03\u002Ffuture-of-cancer-care-458x185.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Want to know more? \u003Cstrong>What do you think can artificial food put an end to famine? Will robots take our jobs in healthcare? Could we 3D print or grow organs in the future? Might people measure vital signs at home? Will nanorobots swim in our bloodstream? Shall I get my genome sequenced?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Read the e-book on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Famzn.to\u002F2w7Bczq\">Amazon\u003C\u002Fa> or \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanpub.com\u002F40questions\">on Leanpub\u003C\u002Fa> as a PDF and comment on it at The Medical Futurist’s social media channels. We cannot wait to hear from you!\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Feepurl.com\u002FZejiT\">\u003Cb>Subscribe To The Medical Futurist℠ Newsletter\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\u003Cli>News shaping the future of healthcare\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Advice on taking charge of your health\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Reviews of the latest health technology\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n",{"rendered":173,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>There is only one thing The Medical Futurist loves more than speaking about the future of healthcare: to respond to provocative questions. What comes after the wearable sensor revolution? Can an algorithm diagnose better than a doctor? What makes someone a cyborg?\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,17790,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[178],521,[180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189],246,271,275,289,313,355,425,163,206,207,[],[],[193,194,195,196,197],2027,2967,1723,1729,1883,[199,14,48,49,50,51,52,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210],"post-17789","category-future-medicine","tag-future","tag-health","tag-healthcare","tag-innovation","tag-medicine","tag-personalized-medicine","tag-technology-2","tag-cancer-2","tag-digital","tag-digital-health",{"id":175,"alt_text":212,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":62,"media_details":213,"post":101,"source_url":245},"questions in digital health",{"width":214,"height":215,"file":216,"sizes":217,"image_meta":243},870,489,"2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002.png",{"medium":218,"large":223,"thumbnail":228,"medium_large":232,"large_old_512x288":233,"medium_old_444x250":238},{"file":219,"width":220,"height":221,"mime-type":72,"source_url":222},"0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-370x208.png",370,208,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-370x208.png",{"file":224,"width":225,"height":226,"mime-type":72,"source_url":227},"0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-768x432.png",768,432,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-768x432.png",{"file":229,"width":230,"height":230,"mime-type":72,"source_url":231},"0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-150x150.png",150,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-150x150.png",{"file":224,"width":225,"height":226,"mime-type":72,"source_url":227},{"file":234,"width":235,"height":236,"mime-type":72,"source_url":237},"0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-512x288.png",512,288,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-512x288.png",{"file":239,"width":240,"height":241,"mime-type":72,"source_url":242},"0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-444x250.png",444,250,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002-444x250.png",{"aperture":90,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":90,"copyright":27,"focal_length":90,"iso":90,"shutter_speed":90,"title":27,"orientation":90,"keywords":244},[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F05\u002F0409_tmf_40_mockup_002.png",{"related_posts":247,"related_posts_footer":251,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[248,249,250],21053,17293,17522,[252,253,254],17254,17494,17474,{"yoast_wpseo_title":256,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":257,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":167},"The 40 Most Exciting Questions in Digital Health - The Medical Futurist","There is only one thing The Medical Futurist loves more than speaking about the future. To respond to provocative questions. Here's our latest 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