[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":364},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-lifestyle-medicine-could-be-the-key-for-digital-health-adoption":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":199,"relatedBooks":363},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":37,"project_category":48,"contact_email_category":52,"yst_prominent_words":53,"class_list":74,"better_featured_image":100,"acf":134,"yoast_meta":143,"_links":146},28693,"2022-06-29T10:00:00","2022-06-29T08:00:00",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=28693&_wpnonce=5c34cab497&status=auto-draft&type=post","2023-11-29T17:12:03","2023-11-29T16:12:03","lifestyle-medicine-could-be-the-key-for-digital-health-adoption","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Flifestyle-medicine-could-be-the-key-for-digital-health-adoption",{"rendered":17},"Lifestyle Medicine Could Be The Key To Digital Health Adoption",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>I’ve been wearing \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ffitbit-ionic-review-bromance-pebble-smartwatch\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">several generations \u003C\u002Fa>and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fwithings-scanwatch-review\" target=\"_blank\">types \u003C\u002Fa>of \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fwhat-to-check-before-buying-a-smartwatch\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">smartwatches \u003C\u002Fa>for a couple of years and I only remove my watch when I shower. I use it to track my sleep and its\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-smart-sleep-alarm-is-the-holy-grail-of-health-tracking\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"> smart alarm\u003C\u002Fa> wakes me up at the optimal time every morning. With \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=4kUSA5zZYIQ\">the pocketable Kardia\u003C\u002Fa>, I regularly check my ECG at home to detect any anomalies. For an in-depth analysis of what my genetic makeup predisposes me to, I had \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fi-got-my-whole-genome-sequenced-heres-what-i-learned\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">my whole genome\u003C\u002Fa> sequenced. And I bring relevant data to my general practitioner during my checkups so that we can decide on preventive measures. In short, I’m trying to live like the patient of the future, using lifestyle medicine to prevent chronic diseases.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, posing as such a patient is not feasible for many among us. Firstly, there’s the question of accessibility to such health trackers and importantly, many don’t know about or aren’t encouraged to employ such devices. A major authority that could facilitate the adoption of digital health tech by patients is one’s physician. But even the latter might not be familiar with or open to such options. Where should one turn to if they are interested in becoming more proactive in managing their health with new technologies?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>An emerging field in medicine might be the answer: lifestyle medicine. Dealing with preventive measures that can be supplemented with digital health solutions, lifestyle medicine specialists can set the pace for digital health adoption on a larger scale. Let’s see what it is and how it can help you become the patient of the future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>What is lifestyle medicine?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>You might not have heard of lifestyle medicine before now, at least I hadn’t until my GP, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vernes.hu\u002Fen\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Réka Vernes\u003C\u002Fa>, pointed it out to me. Even \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLifestyle_medicine\" target=\"_blank\">its Wikipedia entry\u003C\u002Fa> is far from being very extensive. Nevertheless, it’s somewhat understandable given that this field is relatively new, compared to the centuries-old practice of medicine.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F0-768x512.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Meskó and Dr. Vernes\" class=\"wp-image-28813\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F0-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F0.jpg 1142w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Dr. Vernes and Dr. Meskó\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicine.org\u002FACLM\u002FACLM\u002FAbout\u002FWhat_is_Lifestyle_Medicine_\u002FLifestyle_Medicine.aspx?hkey=26f3eb6b-8294-4a63-83de-35d429c3bb88\">initiated the steps\u003C\u002Fa> to establish the standards shaping lifestyle medicine as a field of its own. ACLM defines it as “the evidence-based practice of helping individuals and families adopt and sustain healthy behaviours that affect health and quality of life”. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The field draws parallels to nutrition and dietetics but involves a more holistic approach. The ACLM \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicine.org\u002Fcommon\u002FUploaded%20files\u002FPDFs\u002FPractice%20Resources\u002FPatient%20Education\u002FACLM-6-ways-to-take-control-of-your-health-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">describes six pillars of lifestyle medicine\u003C\u002Fa>: \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\u003Cli>predominantly whole, plant-based nutrition, rich in fibres and nutrients\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>regular and consistent physical activity,ó that can be maintained on a daily basis\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>recognising and coping with stress \u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>avoiding substance abuse\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>ensuring quality sleep\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>social connectedness to ensure emotional resilience\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F03\u002Fdigital-twin-small-768x432.jpg\" alt=\"digital twin\" class=\"wp-image-27073\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F03\u002Fdigital-twin-small-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F03\u002Fdigital-twin-small-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F03\u002Fdigital-twin-small-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F03\u002Fdigital-twin-small-512x288.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F03\u002Fdigital-twin-small.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In 2015, the ACLM initiated the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicineglobal.org\u002Fabout\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Lifestyle Medicine Global Alliance\u003C\u002Fa> to group worldwide lifestyle medicine professional associations for scientific collaboration. Indeed, this field is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicineglobal.org\u002Fsister-organizations\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">budding in countries around the world\u003C\u002Fa> from the Philippines to the U.K, with events and conferences held regularly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicine.org\u002FACLM\u002FACLM\u002FPartners\u002FCorporate_Roundtable.aspx?hkey=ddfb0110-9dda-4f79-80ea-352cf0cd9db8\" target=\"_blank\">Corporate Roundtable\u003C\u002Fa> of ACLM was launched in 2016, and it collects thought leaders and industry professionals committed to bringing lifestyle medicine into the everyday lives of people. The corporate arm has over 40+ active members, covering a super-wide range of expertise from healthcare organisations to a number of nonprofits, from software companies to educational institutions.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>This growing interest in lifestyle medicine can be attributed to the fact that people are increasingly becoming more proactive in managing their health thanks to the escalated awareness of the benefits of leading a healthy lifestyle. As such, there is a need for healthcare professionals to provide professional guidance and assistance.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Clinicians practising lifestyle medicine \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicine.org\u002FACLM\u002FACLM\u002FResearch\u002FLM_Research.aspx?hkey=dde46b29-faec-459b-b719-6432ad5172d0\">report substantial improvements\u003C\u002Fa> in type 2 diabetics, such as\u003Cstrong> normalising their blood glucose without the use of medication\u003C\u002Fstrong> through lifestyle changes. Indeed, a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicine.org\u002FACLM\u002FACLM\u002FAbout\u002FWhat_is_Lifestyle_Medicine_\u002FScientific_Evidence.aspx?hkey=ed4b4130-6ce9-41bb-8703-211bc98eed7f\">growing number of studies\u003C\u002Fa> point to the benefits of adjusting one’s lifestyle habits to improve health outcomes. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As Dr. Vernes puts it: “\u003Cem>\u003Cstrong>My goal for my patients is to be their healthiest version even with chronic conditions.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem>” And to supplement a lifestyle to reach this version, digital health can be a key aspect.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Becoming a lifestyle medicine specialist\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>When I asked my GP about how she had become a specialist herself, she told me that she took the ACLM’s International Board Exam as a non-US physician; and received a DipIBLM diploma. The exam took place in the U.S. in 2019, the day after ACLM’s annual conference. It required taking a course at the American College of Preventive Medicine; doing a case study; participating in the conference; and reading a lot of books. However, the ACLM is not the only one offering the possibility to specialise in lifestyle medicine.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Despite being a newcomer to the medical field, lifestyle medicine is increasingly getting incorporated into life science curricula. The Baylor College of Medicine \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.bcm.edu\u002F2018\u002F09\u002F12\u002Fwhat-is-lifestyle-medicine\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">includes it in its curriculum\u003C\u002Fa>; and other \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flifestylemedicineglobal.org\u002Fsister-organizations\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">sister organisations\u003C\u002Fa> of the Lifestyle Medicine Global Alliance offer professional courses and certificates to eligible candidates.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>“Trainees get lots of training on how to treat disease, but not as much on how to use nutrition and physical activity to prevent disease,” \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.bcm.edu\u002F2018\u002F09\u002F12\u002Fwhat-is-lifestyle-medicine\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">said Sarah Keyes\u003C\u002Fa>, a certified lifestyle medicine professional at Baylor College of Medicine. “Through lifestyle medicine training, we are trying to change that and help the medical community treat disease by improving lifestyle-related behaviours.”\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002FPatient-Doctor-Partnership-768x360.png\" alt=\"empowered patient\" class=\"wp-image-23467\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002FPatient-Doctor-Partnership-768x360.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002FPatient-Doctor-Partnership-1536x721.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002FPatient-Doctor-Partnership-512x240.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F03\u002FPatient-Doctor-Partnership.png 1547w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>“When you look at studies about actual causes of death, tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption are all primary contributors,” added Keyes. “All of the diseases we worry about in our patients, ourselves or family members result from lifestyle-related behaviours that we often don’t talk about.”\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Addressing those lifestyle behaviours to improve one’s health is what lifestyle medicine specialists focus on. Dr. Vernes describes that “\u003Cstrong>lifestyle medicine approaches medical care of chronic non-communicable diseases from a new dimension\u003C\u002Fstrong>”. She added, “we follow lifestyle health parameters to gain more information and other aspects of the patient; and this is where digital technology comes into the picture.” Indeed, digital health tools can augment lifestyle medicine specialists’ craft.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Incorporating digital health into lifestyle medicine\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Core to the principles of lifestyle medicine is, as the Baylor School of Medicine pointed out, sleep and stress management, physical activity, relationships, and nutrition. For these ends, digital health already offers solutions adapted to monitor relevant parameters as preventive measures.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>The need for proper sleep cannot be stressed enough\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Studies linked improper sleeping habits to increased risk of \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6249821\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">certain cancer types\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedaily.com\u002Freleases\u002F2017\u002F01\u002F170127113010.htm\" target=\"_blank\">suppressed immune system\u003C\u002Fa>, and even to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nih.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnih-research-matters\u002Fsleep-deprivation-increases-alzheimers-protein\" target=\"_blank\">Alzheimer’s\u003C\u002Fa>. To improve one’s sleeping routine, numerous \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F5-ways-for-sleep-tracking-a-week-long-experiment-with-apps-and-sensors\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">sensors and apps\u003C\u002Fa> such as \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsleep.urbandroid.org\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Sleep As Android\u003C\u002Fa>, the Apple Watch or the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fsweet-dreams-in-a-headband-the-philips-smartsleep-review\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">SmartSleep headband\u003C\u002Fa> exist to analyse the optimal time to sleep\u002Fwake. You can also pay attention to what other factors, such as caffeine intake or dinner time affect your sleep based on your resulting sleep analysis and discuss with a specialist how to improve.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Stress is also an increasing concern \u003C\u002Fstrong>in our ever-hectic world. It can have \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.healthline.com\u002Fhealth\u002Fstress\u002Feffects-on-body#1\" target=\"_blank\">a myriad of repercussions\u003C\u002Fa> on the body from heartburn through insomnia to an increased risk of stroke. Here again, devices like the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fbrain-sensing-tech-support-to-mindfulness-the-muse-review\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Muse headband\u003C\u002Fa> and apps like \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.headspace.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Headspace\u003C\u002Fa> greatly help in stress management.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ffood-scanners\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Food scanners\u003C\u002Fa> alert users to one of the constituents in their meal. Such devices can help \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F71-ways-digital-health-technologies-help-fight-obesity\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">overweight patients\u003C\u002Fa> as well as those allergic to certain foodstuffs. Nima’s \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ftesting-food-gluten-home-nima-sensor-review\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">gluten\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ffighting-against-a-small-enemy-the-nima-peanut-sensor-review\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">peanut\u003C\u002Fa> sensors proved revolutionary for those who want to indulge in an occasional pastry without unpleasant consequences – sadly both products have been discontinued since then.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Lifestyle medicine specialists can recommend such solutions to their patients, who can more effectively monitor these parameters remotely and consult with their healthcare provider when results seem off.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lifestyle as an advantage\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Dr. Vernes shared experiences of her own during her medical practice that illustrate this advantage. “I had a patient coming to my office because his sleep app showed he had several awakenings during the night. It turned out that he had sleep apnea,” she said. “I have patients coming because their blood pressure machine shows that there is a heart rhythm problem – and have AFib. One patient had an alarm on the heart rate monitor due to his very low heart rate. He needed a cardiac implantable electronic device”.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Recently we have also \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fposts\u002Freal-benefit-of-35513458\" target=\"_blank\">interviewed a patient\u003C\u002Fa> whose Apple Watch correctly notified him of a previously undiscovered atrial fibrillation, a condition that predisposes him to strokes. This allowed him to take preventive measures and have his physician monitor his condition well before any complications arise.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>With lifestyle medicine, such early detection and subsequent preventive measures can become commonplace.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The doctor-patient relationship of the future\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For those healthcare professionals and students with an inclination toward technology, lifestyle medicine might be the area they are longing to specialise in. It’s one where they actively contribute to patients’ lives while using novel technologies for general healthcare purposes.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For example, I brought my healthcare data obtained from my sensors to my GP along with my genetic tests. Since she is also data-savvy, she analysed all information from these. She then designed a prevention program with diet and activity recommendations, and regular tests to take.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F110_All-the-things-we-can-measure-in-digital-health-768x432.png\" alt=\"health data\" class=\"wp-image-24937\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F110_All-the-things-we-can-measure-in-digital-health-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F110_All-the-things-we-can-measure-in-digital-health-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F110_All-the-things-we-can-measure-in-digital-health-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F110_All-the-things-we-can-measure-in-digital-health-512x288.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F110_All-the-things-we-can-measure-in-digital-health.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>“Traditionally we work with sick people, using medications, telling patient instructions, having a snapshot of the patients’ health status in the office and we mostly look for organic reasons as causation,” Dr. Vernes said. “\u003Cstrong>Lifestyle medicine emphasises nutrition, exercise, sleep restoration, stress release, avoidance of toxic substances, mental health and social connectedness as tools to better health based on scientific evidence. Patients are actively involved in their care. Medication (if needed) and behaviour changes are combined\u003C\u002Fstrong>.”\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Such an approach helps empower patients with their health data, while allowing healthcare professionals to regularly monitor their parameters for a preventive approach. This will eventually lead to an equal-level partnership between doctors and patients that we promote at The Medical Futurist, and lifestyle medicine can propel this vision.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>I’ve been wearing several generations and types of smartwatches for a couple of years and I only remove my watch when I shower. I use […]\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,28791,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32,33,34,35,36],4879,491,496,499,516,489,[38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47],604,220,402,1357,420,4881,4883,4885,4887,4415,[49,50,51],949,950,951,[],[54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73],4801,4769,4803,4771,4805,4777,4807,4779,4809,4781,1571,4783,1617,4785,1709,4795,1831,4797,2569,4799,[75,14,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99],"post-28693","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle-medicine","category-empowered-patients","category-health-sensors-trackers","category-healthcare-design","category-medical-education","category-personalized-medicine","tag-food-scanner","tag-e-patient","tag-sleep","tag-sleep-apnea","tag-stress","tag-dr-vernes","tag-lifestyle-medicine","tag-baylor","tag-aclm","tag-apple-watch","project_category-educators","project_category-medical-professionals","project_category-patients",{"id":24,"alt_text":101,"caption":102,"description":103,"media_type":104,"media_details":105,"post":5,"source_url":133},"Lifestyle medicine DTx app mental meditation","Lifestyle Medicine Could Be The Key For Digital Health Adoption – An emerging field in medicine, lifestyle medicine is addressing diet, exercise, sleep, social connectivity and stress in a more holistic approach to address the root causes of disease. With evidence-based therapies in lifestyle behaviors, it is also a way to patient empowerment.","Addressing the root causes of disease with evidence-based therapies in lifestyle behaviors. App meditation woman watch DTx","image",{"width":106,"height":107,"file":108,"sizes":109,"image_meta":131},1920,1080,"2020\u002F06\u002F179_tmf-01.png",{"medium":110,"large":116,"thumbnail":121,"medium_large":125,"1536x1536":126},{"file":111,"width":112,"height":113,"mime-type":114,"source_url":115},"179_tmf-01-370x208.png","370","208","image\u002Fpng","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F179_tmf-01-370x208.png",{"file":117,"width":118,"height":119,"mime-type":114,"source_url":120},"179_tmf-01-768x432.png","768","432","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F179_tmf-01-768x432.png",{"file":122,"width":123,"height":123,"mime-type":114,"source_url":124},"179_tmf-01-150x150.png","150","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F179_tmf-01-150x150.png",{"file":117,"width":118,"height":119,"mime-type":114,"source_url":120},{"file":127,"width":128,"height":129,"mime-type":114,"source_url":130},"179_tmf-01-1536x864.png","1536","864","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F179_tmf-01-1536x864.png",{"aperture":132,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":132,"copyright":27,"focal_length":132,"iso":132,"shutter_speed":132,"title":27,"orientation":132},"0","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F06\u002F179_tmf-01.png",{"cta_type":135,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":136,"related_posts_footer":139,"related_posts":20},"subscribe",[137,138],24765,24763,[140,141,142],26107,25438,24598,{"yoast_wpseo_title":144,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":145,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"Lifestyle Medicine Could Be The Key To Digital Health Adoption - The Medical Futurist","Lifestyle medicine addresses the root causes of disease with evidence-based therapies in lifestyle behaviors like diet, exercise, sleep and stress.",{"self":147,"collection":153,"about":156,"author":159,"replies":162,"version-history":165,"predecessor-version":169,"wp:featuredmedia":173,"wp:attachment":176,"wp:term":179,"curies":195},[148],{"href":149,"targetHints":150},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F28693",{"allow":151},[152],"GET",[154],{"href":155},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[157],{"href":158},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[160],{"embeddable":26,"href":161},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[163],{"embeddable":26,"href":164},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=28693",[166],{"count":167,"href":168},32,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F28693\u002Frevisions",[170],{"id":171,"href":172},46781,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F28693\u002Frevisions\u002F46781",[174],{"embeddable":26,"href":175},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F28791",[177],{"href":178},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=28693",[180,183,186,189,192],{"taxonomy":181,"embeddable":26,"href":182},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=28693",{"taxonomy":184,"embeddable":26,"href":185},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=28693",{"taxonomy":187,"embeddable":26,"href":188},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=28693",{"taxonomy":190,"embeddable":26,"href":191},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=28693",{"taxonomy":193,"embeddable":26,"href":194},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=28693",[196],{"name":197,"href":198,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[200],{"id":142,"date":201,"date_gmt":202,"guid":203,"modified":205,"modified_gmt":206,"slug":207,"status":13,"type":14,"link":208,"title":209,"content":211,"excerpt":213,"author":23,"featured_media":215,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":216,"categories":217,"tags":222,"project_category":239,"contact_email_category":240,"yst_prominent_words":241,"class_list":256,"better_featured_image":278,"acf":303,"yoast_meta":318,"_links":321},"2026-03-02T09:05:23","2026-03-02T08:05:23",{"rendered":204},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=24598&_wpnonce=1e9b26d6a0&status=auto-draft&type=post","2026-03-02T09:05:26","2026-03-02T08:05:26","how-much-is-life-worth","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fhow-much-is-life-worth",{"rendered":210},"How Much Is Life Worth?",{"rendered":212,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>Multivitamins, drugs, gene therapies, human skin, heart, eyeballs, kidneys, entire dead bodies – everything comes with a price tag. Putting aside the moral questions of why and how the capitalist market prices even our body parts and health, we asked the question of how much life is worth. What is the maximum that you would\u002Fshould pay for a life-saving drug? \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>How high is too high a cost if a drug can save 200-300 babies a year from a debilitating illness or death? And ultimately, does the pricing of new technologies, especially gene therapies, enable them to fulfill their promise? \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Much Is Your Life Worth? \u002F Episode 17 - The Medical Futurist\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002Fv4ymhGtzcKo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>There’s a\nprice for everything: butterflies, pieces of moon land, organs\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The world is a giant supermarket where you find price tags on everything. A rare butterfly \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ebay.co.uk\u002Fsch\u002Fi.html?_from=R40&_trksid=p2334524.m570.l1313&_nkw=butterfly+taxidermy&_sacat=0&LH_TitleDesc=0&_odkw=rare+butterfly+taxidermy&_sop=3\" target=\"_blank\">can cost up to a grand on eBay\u003C\u002Fa>, an acre on the surface of the Moon is \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flunarembassy.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fbuy-land-on-the-moon\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">available from $34.99\u003C\u002Fa> – although \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.forbes.com\u002Fsites\u002Fquora\u002F2019\u002F01\u002F16\u002Fcan-people-buy-plots-of-land-on-the-moon\u002F?sh=249e010642bc\" target=\"_blank\">we strongly discourage you from actually buying it \u003C\u002Fa> –, and your organs are also for sale. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>If you could harvest \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=yNOsoe44c40\" target=\"_blank\">every organ and chemical in your body\u003C\u002Fa>, you could make a $45 million. But in reality, as Medical Transcription estimates, the average price of a human dead body is more likely to fetch around $550,000 (with a few key body parts driving up the price). \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Contrary to popular belief, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.donoralliance.org\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fdonation-essentials\u002Fcan-you-sell-organs\u002F#:~:text=Selling%20Organs%20in%20the%20United,tissues%20in%20the%20United%20States.\" target=\"_blank\">you are not allowed to sell your organs for transplantation\u003C\u002Fa> purposes in the US. (Nor in any developed country). Although there is\u002Fwas a loophole not specifically banning the sale of bodies and organs for research purposes, the bad news for wannabe millionaires is that the only one making money from their tissues is a \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnypost.com\u002F2023\u002F06\u002F28\u002Fthe-body-parts-industry-is-boomingwith-heads-going-for-2k\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">cadaver broker\u003C\u002Fa>. And although \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnfda.org\u002Fnews\u002Fmedia-center\u002Fnfda-news-releases\u002Fid\u002F7475\u002Fcongress-takes-significant-step-to-regulate-body-brokers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">some regulatory adjustments\u003C\u002Fa> are happening, the progress is slow and not yet complete. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>According to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinedegreeinfinance.com\u002Fblack-market-body-worth\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">widely used\u003C\u002Fa>, although somewhat hard-to-find-credit-for figures, a heart is worth around $1 million in the US. Livers come in second, worth about $557,000 and kidneys cost about $262,000 each. Not to speak about human skin ($10\u002Finch), stomach ($500), and eyeballs ($1,500 each). \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F03\u002Forgan-design-768x432.png\" alt=\"organ design, tmf, heart, tissue, bioprinting\" class=\"wp-image-41555\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F03\u002Forgan-design-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F03\u002Forgan-design-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F03\u002Forgan-design-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F03\u002Forgan-design.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Unsurprisingly, organs are offered for less on the black market – but you never know where those body parts come from. And although the black market for organs is obviously not very transparent, it has been \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.euronews.com\u002F2022\u002F01\u002F12\u002Fextreme-poverty-drives-afghans-to-sell-vital-organs-to-feed-families\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reported\u003C\u002Fa> numerous times that organ donors in developing countries – most often selling body parts to feed their families – will never see anything like the sums mentioned above, what they get is most likely a thousand dollars or maybe two. And we should also mention that transplantation tourism generates thousands, maybe tens of thousands of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.interpol.int\u002Fen\u002FNews-and-Events\u002FNews\u002F2021\u002FNorth-and-West-Africa-INTERPOL-report-highlights-human-trafficking-for-organ-removal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">victim donors\u003C\u002Fa> around the world every year.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Ffigure\u002FAnnual-turnover-of-crime-from-illegal-trafficking-of-vital-organs_tbl1_375245443\" target=\"_blank\">This paper lists a price range\u003C\u002Fa>, stating that illegally harvested\u002Fsold kidneys are sold for $50,000 to $120,000, livers go for $99,000 to $145,000, the price tag of a heart is between $130,000 to $290,000, lungs for $150,000 to $290,000, while a pancreas can cost $110,000 to $140,000.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The prices of course are completely different if the intended use is not to implant organs, as we can read \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnypost.com\u002F2023\u002F06\u002F28\u002Fthe-body-parts-industry-is-boomingwith-heads-going-for-2k\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">in this news report\u003C\u002Fa> discussing the criminal case of Cedric Lodge, who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnypost.com\u002F2023\u002F06\u002F14\u002Fseven-charged-with-stealing-and-selling-human-remains\u002F\">stole body parts including heads and brains\u003C\u002Fa> that were donated for research at Harvard Medical School, and sold them online. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Still, the black market for organs is flourishing. Until technology, e.g. 3D bioprinting, doesn’t offer a viable solution for organ donation, it will remain that way – as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F3d-bioprinting-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">there are too many waiting for organ transplantations\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>\u003Cstrong>This article is one of the most popular ever written by The Medical Futurist, resulting in the team receiving a couple of offers about organs for sale each week. We would like to draw your attention to the fact that we have never been\u002Fand will never be involved in organ sales, and we strongly advise our readers to follow suit. We truly believe in the official organ donor systems of countries and are encouraging everyone to opt-in, as all countries are facing constant organ shortages and the transplantation waiting lists are long. In the unfortunate case of our untimely death, declaring our willingness to become donors can save 8 lives and help a number of others. \u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003Cbr>\u003Cem>\u003Cstrong>But any black market transaction involving human body parts should have the direst legal consequences for organ brokers, human traffickers, and wealthy organ recipients knowingly tricking people in need to sell out their body parts – often for very little money.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>So, it seems that your body parts are already labeled with a price tag. Scary, isn’t it? But in terms of the pricing practice, there’s not much difference when it comes to our overall health and life either. The distinction lies in that organs with price tags are not as visible to us as the price of therapies, drugs, or prosthetic body parts. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Almost every day you pay for your health by buying vitamins, pain medication, or lactose-free milk. The question is how much is the maximum that you would\u002Fshould pay for a life-saving drug? Is it fair to pay for life-saving drugs at all? \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Insulin and polio vaccines were not patented by their inventor\u003C\u002Fstrong>s\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Medication, especially life-saving drugs, should be available to everyone in need. In an ideal, utopian world, the means of healing people, the instruments for alleviating pain and suffering, and the assets to save lives wouldn’t cost a penny. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>When \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vox.com\u002F2019\u002F4\u002F3\u002F18293950\u002Fwhy-is-insulin-so-expensive\" target=\"_blank\">inventor Frederick Banting discovered insulin in 1923\u003C\u002Fa>, he \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fthelancet.com\u002Fjournals\u002Flandia\u002Farticle\u002FPIIS2213-8587(17)30115-8\u002Ffulltext\" target=\"_blank\">refused to put his name on the patent\u003C\u002Fa>. He felt it was unethical for a doctor to profit from a discovery that would save lives. Banting’s co-inventors, James Collip, and Charles Best sold the insulin patent to the University of Toronto for a mere $1. They wanted everyone who needed their medication to be able to afford it. But we could list similar examples from Jonas Salk’s \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdepts.washington.edu\u002Fglobalhealthjustice\u002Fwaivers-on-vaccine-patents-would-save-lives\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">polio vaccine\u003C\u002Fa> to Röntgen’s \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dpma.de\u002Fenglish\u002Four_office\u002Fpublications\u002Fmilestones\u002Finventionsthatmadehistory\u002Froentgensx-rays\u002Findex.html#:~:text=R%C3%B6ntgen%20was%20considered%20an%20introverted,become%20a%20millionaire%20by%20inheritance).\" target=\"_blank\">X-ray machine\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>These noble gentlemen would definitely turn in their graves if they saw how far we have come since then: if they saw the price tags for certain drugs today or the pricing policies of certain pharma companies. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Many surely remember \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ftc.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnews\u002Fpress-releases\u002F2024\u002F01\u002Fstatement-second-circuit-order-upholding-pharma-bro-martin-shkrelis-lifetime-ban\" target=\"_blank\">ill-famed Martin Shkreli\u003C\u002Fa> and the outrage he caused when he raised the price of Daraprim, a drug that treats the parasitic infection \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fparasites\u002Ftoxoplasmosis\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">toxoplasmosis\u003C\u002Fa> and is used in some cases to treat cancer and AIDS, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2015\u002F09\u002F21\u002Fbusiness\u002Fa-huge-overnight-increase-in-a-drugs-price-raises-protests.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">from $13.50 to $750.00 per pill\u003C\u002Fa> in 2015, which means a more than a 5,000 percent increase! Although a Bloomberg reporter \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Fvideos\u002F2015-09-21\u002Fwhy-turing-increased-price-of-daraprim-over-500-\" target=\"_blank\">suggested\u003C\u002Fa> it should cost around $1 to make, and Shkreli himself acknowledged the drug takes “very little money” to make, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.huffpost.com\u002Fentry\u002Fmartin-shkreli-aids-drug-price-the-same_n_5aa3117fe4b07047bec694cb?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJ_Hw2-dKv5wlQAxVRIJcWbSTrplnb7wBElDXYp_gQnmAEV2o_GFhiuO96CYx8mPyIF5q1XWOi6hxomEbt91UpJhW49-E0vMWccQHSS2_weonvqQWU5Ff1ZN_hFKPk7aozSu8uB9hctdsiCqu_zprVjlebRIzXaSzlFLhZ4PtI6Q\" target=\"_blank\">the medication still sells for hundreds of dollars\u003C\u002Fa>. Shkreli and his company were able to gouge the price as they acquired the sole rights to the drug’s sale in the U.S. without anyone else offering an alternative. A little side note: Shkreli was \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2022\u002F05\u002F19\u002F1100019063\u002Fpharma-bro-martin-shkreli-been-released-from-prison\" target=\"_blank\">just released from prison\u003C\u002Fa> after he was found guilty of two counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud. He was sentenced to seven years in prison in 2018.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although Shkreli’s example is outrageous, he’s not the only one who did something similar. An article in \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nejm.org\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1056\u002FNEJMp1408376\" target=\"_blank\">The New England Journal of Medicine\u003C\u002Fa> focused on how companies buy up the rights to old, inexpensive generic drugs, lock out competitors and raise prices. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For instance, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2015\u002F01\u002F15\u002Fopinion\u002Fwhy-drugs-cost-so-much.html\" target=\"_blank\">albendazole, a drug for certain kinds of parasitic infections was approved back in 1996\u003C\u002Fa>. In 2010, its average wholesale cost was $5.92 per day, but by 2013, it rose to $119.58. Perhaps the most concerning piece of news was, though, that the price of insulin has risen uncontrollably in the United States. The cost of the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fjamanetwork.com\u002Fjournals\u002Fjamainternalmedicine\u002Ffullarticle\u002F2717498\" target=\"_blank\">four most popular types of insulin\u003C\u002Fa> has tripled over the past decade, and the out-of-pocket prescription costs patients now face have doubled. By 2016, the average price per month \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2019\u002F04\u002F03\u002Fhealth\u002Fdrug-prices-insulin-express-scripts.html\">rose to $450\u003C\u002Fa>. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Fortunately, governmental regulation started to take note and act on it. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.govinfo.gov\u002Fapp\u002Fdetails\u002FBILLS-117hr6833pcs\u002Fsummary\">Affordable Insulin Now Act\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pharmaceutical-technology.com\u002Fanalysis\u002Finsulin-pricing-reform-senate\u002F\">was supported by Congress\u003C\u002Fa> in 2022 and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fedition.cnn.com\u002F2024\u002F01\u002F01\u002Fpolitics\u002Finsulin-price-cap\u002Findex.html\" target=\"_blank\">was approved in 2024\u003C\u002Fa> introducing a $35 cap on insulin prices\u002Fmonth nationwide.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>It’s certain that without efficient regulatory intervention, pharma companies won’t change their exaggerated pricing policies in the U.S. It is visible, for example, that in Western European countries where \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fwhy-the-us-has-higher-drug-prices-than-other-countries-111256\" target=\"_blank\">price controls are in place, medication costs are lower\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Rare diseases, unique therapies, unspeakable prices\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, the problem is not just the increase in the price of generic drugs such as insulin, but also the incredibly high prices of new therapies and treatment options for rare diseases. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The most expensive drug on the market in May 2024 \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-approves-first-gene-therapy-children-metachromatic-leukodystrophy\" target=\"_blank\">was Lenmeldy\u003C\u002Fa>, a gene therapy used to treat types of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Fcondition\u002Fmetachromatic-leukodystrophy.html\">metachromatic leukodystrophy\u003C\u002Fa> in children. A single dose costs $4,25 million, and it works by helping the body make the ARSA enzyme to help stop the progression of MLD, it does this using the patient’s own stem cells that have been modified. Lenmeldy is given as a one-time infusion. The FDA approved this drug in March 2024. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F12\u002Ftmf_article_393_CRISPR_gene_editing-768x432.png\" alt=\"gene editing, CRISPR, DNA\" class=\"wp-image-54001\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F12\u002Ftmf_article_393_CRISPR_gene_editing-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F12\u002Ftmf_article_393_CRISPR_gene_editing-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F12\u002Ftmf_article_393_CRISPR_gene_editing.png 1520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Another well-known example is \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease\" target=\"_blank\">Zolgensma\u003C\u002Fa>, a gene therapy for a rare childhood disease, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fghr.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fcondition\u002Fspinal-muscular-atrophy\" target=\"_blank\">spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)\u003C\u002Fa> caused by a single gene. At the moment, it costs $2.1 million per patient. This experimental therapy means \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002Fsections\u002Fhealth-shots\u002F2019\u002F05\u002F24\u002F725404168\u002Fat-2-125-million-new-gene-therapy-is-the-most-expensive-drug-ever?t=1566983817416\" target=\"_blank\">infusing the patient with genetically modified viruses carrying healthy copies of the gene needed\u003C\u002Fa>. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Other revolutionary gene therapies are underway – and many fear that while they have the potential to eliminate lethal childhood diseases and other rare conditions, no one’s going to pay for them as their price is set too high.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Are the “\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.drugs.com\u002Farticle\u002Ftop-10-most-expensive-drugs.html\" target=\"_blank\">most expensive therapies ever\u003C\u002Fa>” really the most expensive ever? \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33908277\u002F#:~:text=At%20an%20upfront%20price%20of,characterization%20raises%20important%20methodological%20and\" target=\"_blank\">This study\u003C\u002Fa> tried to assess the values of these therapies and came to the conclusion that economic evaluation of novel therapies requires careful comparison of lifetime cost and benefits vs standard of care, including adjustments for pricing distortions. We also have to note though that the study was funded by Novartis Gene Therapies Inc., so we might have to wait for more research before drawing a final conclusion. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Why are gene therapies so highly priced?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The pricing of medication and therapies is often way too complex and sometimes, as in the above cases of insulin and Daraprim, it seems to be way too arbitrary. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F25\u002Fhealth\u002Fdrug-prices-rare-diseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experts say\u003C\u002Fa> that now that cheaper generic drugs account for about 90 percent of all prescriptions filled in the United States, pharmaceutical companies are turning to rare disease treatments and gene therapies as their next profit engine, with major companies like Pfizer and Novartis investing in drugs for tiny pools of patients. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The question arises naturally: should a premium be paid for the treatment of diseases that are considered ‘rare’? What should be a reasonable price for what is called an orphan drug? Is it a viable method that rare disease drugs are priced based on a patient’s weight – meaning that a prescription for an adult costs many times more than one for a child? Could it be the solution when \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticles\u002F2019-04-07\u002Fgene-therapy-was-hailed-as-a-revolution-then-came-the-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">therapies are paid for in installments\u003C\u002Fa>?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F04\u002Ftmf_article_409_b-768x432.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55697\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F04\u002Ftmf_article_409_b-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F04\u002Ftmf_article_409_b-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F04\u002Ftmf_article_409_b-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F04\u002Ftmf_article_409_b-2048x1152.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>When \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdailynous.com\u002F2015\u002F09\u002F28\u002Fphilosophers-on-drug-prices\u002F\">asked about\u003C\u002Fa> fair pricing on drugs, Samia Hurst bioethicist said that “making a profit from finding, developing, and selling pharmaceuticals is legitimate, although we were never truly clear about what made it so. Perhaps we approve of this profit because we believe that the effort and creativity involved in bringing a new drug to the market deserve to be paid for. Perhaps we consider that the manufacture of a drug also merits payment. Perhaps we are not considering merit at all, but looking to the consequences: we want to incentivize the development of new therapeutic advances. Perhaps we want to guarantee that access to needed medical therapies is kept up by the profit motive”. That all could be a drive behind allowing pharma companies to ask for fair profit margins put above the costs of research and development.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Also, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fdailynous.com\u002F2015\u002F09\u002F28\u002Fphilosophers-on-drug-prices\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">political philosopher Matt Zwolinski argues\u003C\u002Fa> that those high prices are not only necessary to recoup the cost spent researching and developing that drug but also the hundreds of other drugs that never made it to market. Charging a price that’s well above the “marginal cost of production” is the only way companies can make a normal level of profit over the long run, and therefore the only way to ensure that society gets the new drugs it needs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Moreover, if we compare \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fprecision-medicine-best-hope-fight-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">personalised thera\u003C\u002Fa>pies with generic solutions that have been used up until now, their advantage is clear. On the one hand, they offer an efficient solution – and heal patients from diseases that were untreatable before, and on the other hand, they are much more cost-efficient in the long run when looking at the entire society. Thus, the development of personalised treatment solutions is definitely the way forward – although companies should come up with better options for payment.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Ultimately, the \u003Ca style=\"\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F22789042\u002F\">Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in Relation to Access to Medicines\u003C\u002Fa> specify that “companies must do all they reasonably can to ensure that medicines are available in sufficient quantities in the countries where they are needed.” \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>They also suggest that companies are \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fdailynous.com\u002F2015\u002F09\u002F28\u002Fphilosophers-on-drug-prices\u002F\">obligated to contribute to the development of drugs for neglected diseases\u003C\u002Fa>. Thus, companies must make sure the drugs they produce are accessible to all patient groups – not just rich patients or those in developed countries, driving others to desperate solutions such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fis-crowdfunding-the-grim-future-of-health-insurance\">crowdfunding\u003C\u002Fa> or not going to the hospital for treatment at all. Only then could gene therapies and other revolutionary healing methods fulfill their potential in making patients’ lives better.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs?hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":214,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>We asked the question how much life is worth? A heart can be purchased for $1000000. Livers are worth about $557000 & kidneys cost about $262000.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",24604,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[218,219,220,221],511,500,490,488,[223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238],253,1154,255,1455,260,1456,425,1457,1458,1459,1460,846,217,994,229,996,[],[],[242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255],1633,1883,2215,2217,2219,2227,2233,2235,1599,2239,1609,2241,1613,3271,[257,14,76,77,78,79,80,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277],"post-24598","category-bioethics","category-biotechnology","category-future-of-pharma","category-genomics","tag-gene","tag-medication","tag-gene-therapy","tag-rare-disease","tag-genetics","tag-daraprim","tag-technology-2","tag-drug-price","tag-pricing-policy","tag-rare-disorder","tag-cost","tag-insulin","tag-drug","tag-life","tag-ethics","tag-bioethics",{"id":215,"alt_text":279,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":104,"media_details":280,"post":142,"source_url":302},"life worth",{"width":106,"height":107,"file":281,"sizes":282,"image_meta":301},"2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth.png",{"medium":283,"large":286,"thumbnail":289,"medium_large":292,"1536x1536":293,"2048x2048":296},{"file":284,"width":112,"height":113,"mime-type":114,"source_url":285},"104_How-much-is-life-worth-370x208.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth-370x208.png",{"file":287,"width":118,"height":119,"mime-type":114,"source_url":288},"104_How-much-is-life-worth-768x432.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth-768x432.png",{"file":290,"width":123,"height":123,"mime-type":114,"source_url":291},"104_How-much-is-life-worth-150x150.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth-150x150.png",{"file":287,"width":118,"height":119,"mime-type":114,"source_url":288},{"file":294,"width":128,"height":129,"mime-type":114,"source_url":295},"104_How-much-is-life-worth-1536x864.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth-1536x864.png",{"file":297,"width":298,"height":299,"mime-type":114,"source_url":300},"104_How-much-is-life-worth-2048x1152.png","2048","1152","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth-2048x1152.png",{"aperture":132,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":132,"copyright":27,"focal_length":132,"iso":132,"shutter_speed":132,"title":27,"orientation":132},"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F08\u002F104_How-much-is-life-worth-scaled.png",{"related_posts":20,"related_posts_footer":304,"cta_type":135,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":308,"key_takeaways":311},[305,306,307],55683,55459,55791,[137,309,310],52203,55605,[312,314,316],{"title":313},"\u003Cp>If you try hard enough, you can put a price tag on everything, from rare butterflies to kidneys and human hearts, everyday and rare treatments and ultimately human health\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"title":315},"\u003Cp>While there is a serious shortage of available donor organs all over the world, the illegal organ trade can not be stopped, illegal transplants being a trillion-dollar trade globally.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"title":317},"\u003Cp>We need to raise a range of ethical, financial, and philosophical questions when trying to answer the question: how much is life worth.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"yoast_wpseo_title":319,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":320,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":208},"How Much Is Life Worth? - The Medical Futurist - Bioethics","We asked the question How Much is Life Worth? A heart can be purchased for $1000000. Livers are worth about $557000 & kidneys cost about $262000",{"self":322,"collection":327,"about":329,"author":331,"replies":333,"version-history":336,"predecessor-version":340,"wp:featuredmedia":344,"wp:attachment":347,"wp:term":350,"curies":361},[323],{"href":324,"targetHints":325},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F24598",{"allow":326},[152],[328],{"href":155},[330],{"href":158},[332],{"embeddable":26,"href":161},[334],{"embeddable":26,"href":335},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=24598",[337],{"count":338,"href":339},41,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F24598\u002Frevisions",[341],{"id":342,"href":343},58531,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F24598\u002Frevisions\u002F58531",[345],{"embeddable":26,"href":346},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F24604",[348],{"href":349},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=24598",[351,353,355,357,359],{"taxonomy":181,"embeddable":26,"href":352},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=24598",{"taxonomy":184,"embeddable":26,"href":354},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=24598",{"taxonomy":187,"embeddable":26,"href":356},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=24598",{"taxonomy":190,"embeddable":26,"href":358},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=24598",{"taxonomy":193,"embeddable":26,"href":360},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=24598",[362],{"name":197,"href":198,"templated":26},[],1785956534117]