[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":315},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-how-could-genomics-bring-precision-medicine-to-healthcare":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":199,"relatedBooks":314},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":34,"project_category":50,"contact_email_category":51,"yst_prominent_words":52,"class_list":65,"better_featured_image":90,"acf":134,"yoast_meta":143,"_links":146},22156,"2018-10-20T11:18:56","2018-10-20T09:18:56",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F","2022-05-31T14:55:28","2022-05-31T12:55:28","how-could-genomics-bring-precision-medicine-to-healthcare","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fhow-could-genomics-bring-precision-medicine-to-healthcare",{"rendered":17},"How Could Genomics Bring Precision Medicine To Healthcare?",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2018. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>By 2025, between 100 million and 2 billion human genomes will have been sequenced, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Fnews\u002Fgenome-researchers-raise-alarm-over-big-data-1.17912#\u002Fb1\">researchers said\u003C\u002Fa>. What do medical research, companies or governments do with such an incredible amount of data? How could genomics bring DNA-based targeted treatments, personalized drugs, and individualized clinical methods, in other words, precision medicine to healthcare?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Does disease categorize people?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the previous centuries, healthcare systems focused mainly on working out generalized solutions for treating ill people in as high numbers as possible. If cough syrup was good for the majority of the coughing masses and only two people had a rash as an allergic reaction to it, there would be no question about treating a sore throat with cough syrup. Experience and empirical evidence on a generalized basis were the working method of the medical community since Hippocrates until around the beginning of the 20\u003Csup>th\u003C\u002Fsup> century.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Evidence-based medicine turned around the practice of relying on the wisdom of past doctors and traditions. As a consequence, nowadays physicians not only prescribe some pills because their ancestors used to do the same, but they proved the efficacy of treatments and diagnostic methods with the help of scientific tools, e.g., clinical studies. Research evidence and practical experience show why a sore throat is best treated with cough syrup, what are the side effects and how that could also be treated or avoided. Moreover, these pieces of evidence and experience are collected \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.uptodate.com\u002Fcontents\u002Foverview-of-clinical-practice-guidelines\">in clinical practice guidelines\u003C\u002Fa> – for every condition and every clinician. These guidelines are regularly updated as the latest studies and\u002For the results of clinical trials get published.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>So far, \u003Cstrong>the working method has been viable, however, with the rise of personal genomics as well as other tools of precision medicine, a major flaw of the system came to light. Instead of putting individual patients in the center, generalized diseases take center-stage in healthcare. Conditions categorize people and not personal characteristics influence treatments\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Patients usually receive care that is generally appropriate according to the guidelines. Existing technologies and the system enable this working method (which in many cases works just fine) – but personal genomics opens the door to another era by putting the patient and not the disease to the heart of healthcare.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22157\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FPatient-As-Disease.jpg\" alt=\"genomics\" class=\"wp-image-22157\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FPatient-As-Disease.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FPatient-As-Disease-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FPatient-As-Disease-512x384.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.steelcase.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The rise of genome sequencing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The completion of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Funlockinglifescode.org\u002F\">Human Genome Project\u003C\u002Fa> was a watershed in the development of medicine and healthcare. In the last fifteen years following the success of the quest to sequence all 3 billion letters or base pairs in the human genome, the cost of sequencing started to free-fall, the access to testing has been multiplying day-by-day, the arsenal of sequencing technology widened spectacularly and new research fields appeared from thin air – such as pharmacogenomics or nutrigenomics.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>While the Human Genome Project cost approximately $2.7 billion for the US government, you can currently order your whole genome sequence online for about $400-500! By now, there are more than 2,000 genetic tests for human conditions – and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fwhich-direct-to-consumer-genetic-test-to-choose\">direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies make it even possible to order them online\u003C\u002Fa>. These tests enable patients to learn their genetic risks for disease and also help healthcare professionals to diagnose illness. Consumer companies like 23andMe and Ancestry have so far created genetic profiles for more than 12 million people, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F610233\u002F2017-was-the-year-consumer-dna-testing-blew-up\u002F\">recent industry estimates\u003C\u002Fa>. Moreover, according to the latest research led by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgenome-hackers-show-no-ones-dna-is-anonymous-anymore\u002F\">computational biologist Yaniv Erlich\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscience.sciencemag.org\u002Flookup\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.aau4832\">published in October 2018 in Science Magazine\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgenome-hackers-show-no-ones-dna-is-anonymous-anymore\u002F\">more than 60 percent of Americans with European ancestry can be identified\u003C\u002Fa> through their DNA using open access genetic genealogy databases, regardless of whether they’ve ever sent in a spit kit.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Automated high-throughput sequencers appeared on the market, gradually decreasing in size while reducing the time necessary for sequencing. For example, in January 2017, DNA sequencing giant \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.illumina.com\u002Fsystems\u002Fsequencing-platforms\u002Fnovaseq\u002Fintroduction.html#.WHVn1LYrKqA\">Illumina\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2017\u002F01\u002F10\u002Fillumina-wants-to-sequence-your-whole-genome-for-100\u002F\">unveiled a new machine\u003C\u002Fa> that the company says is “expected one day” to order up your whole genome for less than $100. It would mean that you might have a cheaper genetic test than a general blood test. The UK-based start-up, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnanoporetech.com\u002F\">Oxford Nanopore Technologies\u003C\u002Fa> offer real-time, out-of-the-lab DNA and RNA sequencing with their \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnanoporetech.com\u002Fproducts\u002Fminion\">MinION\u003C\u002Fa> device. It enabled researchers to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnanoporetech.com\u002Fpublications\u002Freal-time-dna-sequencing-antarctic-dry-valleys-using-oxford-nanopore-sequencer\">carry out offline DNA sequencing of environmental samples on Antarctica\u003C\u002Fa> using only a hand-held device.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22158\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FSequencing-Real-Time.jpg\" alt=\"genomics\" class=\"wp-image-22158\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FSequencing-Real-Time.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FSequencing-Real-Time-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FSequencing-Real-Time-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FSequencing-Real-Time-512x288.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Sequencing DNA (or RNA) | Real-time, Ultra Long-Reads, Scalable Technology from Oxford Nanopore. Source: www.youtube.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>What’s next on the frontier of genome sequencing research?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The Human Genome Project has already fueled the discovery of more than 1,800 disease genes, but scientists are doubling down on the efforts. The ambitious US-powered initiative, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcancergenome.nih.gov\u002F\">The Cancer Genome Atlas\u003C\u002Fa> aims to identify all the genetic abnormalities seen in 50 major types of cancer, just as the EU-funded Cancer genome project supports cancer research. The \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.roadmapepigenomics.org\u002F\">Roadmap Epigenomics Project\u003C\u002Fa> is mapping DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility and small RNA transcripts in the human genome.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the UK, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, AstraZeneca, Biogen, AbbVie and others are reportedly working with Genomics England on their project to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.genomicsengland.co.uk\u002Fthe-100000-genomes-project\u002F\">sequence 100,000 genomes\u003C\u002Fa> from 70,000 NHS patients with rare diseases and cancer. Both \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.forbes.com\u002Fsites\u002Fmatthewherper\u002F2015\u002F01\u002F06\u002Fsurprise-with-60-million-genentech-deal-23andme-has-a-business-plan\u002F\">Roche and Pfizer have agreed on deals with 23andMe\u003C\u002Fa> to access their community of patients with Parkinson’s and Crohn’s respectively, to look for genetic clues to their causes.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In addition, in 2011 the Chinese research company, BGI, announced that it would sequence a million human genomes, a million plant and animal genomes and a million micro-ecosystems. Although it may take a few more years to reach the “million goals”, the list of current BGI’s collaborative sequencing projects looks impressive.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22159\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"652\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing.jpg\" alt=\"genomics\" class=\"wp-image-22159\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing-512x384.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.wired.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Where are industry players heading?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Start-ups, ventures, and innovative solutions spring up day by day with a new generation of targeted interventions based on genomic analysis for a wide variety of diseases – being more efficient and causing fewer side effects than some treatments available today. In 2014, eight of the 41 new drugs \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fblogs.fda.gov\u002Ffdavoice\u002Findex.php\u002F2015\u002F03\u002Ffda-continues-to-lead-in-precision-medicine\u002F\">approved by the FDA\u003C\u002Fa> were targeted therapies. These include \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.proclinical.com\u002Fpharma-companies-cancer-cure-is-not-beyond-us\">cancer drugs\u003C\u002Fa> as well as other \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.proclinical.com\u002Fwhy-work-in-r-and-d-for-rare-diseases-and-orphan-drugs\">treatments for rare diseases\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fprecision-medicine-best-hope-fight-cancer\">field of cancer research\u003C\u002Fa>, you can send your biopsy sample from the primer tumor tissue to a company for analysis. They extract the DNA of cancer cells, sequence its code and try to find mutations for which there are available clinical trials and treatments. Genome sequencing giant, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.illumina.com\u002Fareas-of-interest\u002Fcancer\u002Fresearch\u002Fsequencing-methods\u002Ftargeted-cancer-seq.html\">Illumina offers\u003C\u002Fa> the examination of known mutations in cancer-related genes to reduce the costs of treatment and do complete studies more quickly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The Swiss company \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.oncompassmedicine.com\u002F\">Oncompass\u003C\u002Fa> offers oncological biopsy analysis to provide better, personalized treatment plans for each cancer patient. Boston-based \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.veritasgenetics.com\u002F\">Veritas Genetics\u003C\u002Fa> offers \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genomeweb.com\u002Fsequencing-technology\u002F999-whole-genome-sequencing-service-veritas-embarks-goal-democratize-dna\">whole genome sequencing, interpretation and genetic counseling for $999 for anyone\u003C\u002Fa>. They also have the $299 myBRCA HiRisk test on the market, which gauges 26 genes associated with a heightened predisposition for breast, ovarian and other associated cancers.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22161\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"609\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1.jpg\" alt=\"genomics\" class=\"wp-image-22161\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_1-512x358.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>www.genengnews.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Governments\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong> at the forefront of genomics?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Not only the research field and the market is buzzing around genomics and genome sequencing, but certain states also recognized the potential of the technology.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In April 2018, news outlets surfaced that one of the biggest state in India, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Frise-in-population-genomics-local-government-in-india-will-use-blockchain-to-secure-genetic-data\">Andhra Pradesh, will secure the DNA base of 50 million citizens through the blockchain\u003C\u002Fa>. On 20 March 2018, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffuturism.com\u002Fgenetic-testing-estonia\u002F\">Estonia launched the first stage of a national state-sponsored genetic testing and information service\u003C\u002Fa> providing 100,000 of its 1.3 million residents with information on their genetic risk for certain diseases. Already in 2015, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002Fs\u002F536096\u002Fgenome-study-predicts-dna-of-the-whole-of-iceland\u002F\">MIT Review reported\u003C\u002Fa> that a genetics company in Iceland named DeCode Genetics collected full DNA sequences on 10,000 individuals. And since the population in Iceland totals around 320,000 citizens, and they are fairly closely related, DeCode said it could extrapolate to accurately guess the DNA makeup of nearly the whole population of the country, including those who never participated in its studies.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>How to make use of personal genomics’ full potential?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>It seems that from government initiatives through the activities of start-ups until the missions of groundbreaking research projects, the ultimate goal of genome sequencing is to help bring healthcare into the era of preventive, personalized and preemptive medicine. The supporters of genome sequencing are not alone in their undertaking to introduce tools of precision medicine in healthcare. Home sensors, portable diagnostic devices or digital biomarkers all aim to level up the process of care.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, it is unimaginably difficult to bring the achievements of the latest studies or the innovative solutions of start-ups in the hospitals. Not to say how arduous it is to analyze such incredible amounts of data, how problematic it is to turn the results of genomic research into evidence – to be used as new guidelines for clinicians, and so forth. Moreover, the widening access to genome sequencing introduces the patient as a potential source who brings sequenced genomic data to healthcare facilities. Although that’s an excellent achievement in itself: the arrival of empowered, actively engaged patients, but as praiseworthy as it is, another problem arises with it: how will doctors know if the information brought about by the patient is reliable?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-22162\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_2.jpg\" alt=\"genomics\" class=\"wp-image-22162\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_2.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_2-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FGenome-Sequencing_2-512x307.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: www.mja.com.au\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Short-term recommendations for bringing genomics-based precision medicine closer \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>These questions require careful consideration and urgent response from healthcare professionals, medical facilities as well as regulators and policy-makers since genome sequencing and precision medicine are knocking on our doors louder than ever – especially due to the efforts of grass root actors, such as tech companies or patients. The Medical Futurist believes that the following steps could help ease the burden in the short-term and support the introduction of genomics-based precision medicine in the healthcare ecosystem.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>1) Lowering the price of genome sequencing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Industry efforts coupled with political initiatives are attempting to bring down the cost of genome sequencing way below $1,000. If the price of whole-genome sequencing were somewhere around that of a blood test, that would be the most effective way to bring the new technology into the hospitals.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>2) Using the power of artificial narrow intelligence \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Tech giants, such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft, as well as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ftop-artificial-intelligence-companies-in-healthcare\u002F\">a series of start-up,\u003C\u002Fa> such as the Hungarian \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fturbine.ai\u002F\">Turbine\u003C\u002Fa>, already leverage on the power of artificial intelligence in cancer research. They are building artificial intelligence solutions to design personalized treatments for any cancer type or patient faster than any traditional healthcare service. In case of IBM, they launched \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ibm.com\u002Fwatson\u002Fhealth\u002Foncology\u002F\">Watson for Oncology\u003C\u002Fa>; Google has its \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdeepmind.com\u002Fhealth\u002Fresearch\">Deepmind Health\u003C\u002Fa> project; while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticles\u002F2016-09-20\u002Fmicrosoft-develops-ai-to-help-cancer-doctors-find-the-right-treatments\">Microsoft’s research machine-learning project, dubbed Hanover\u003C\u002Fa>, aims to ingest all the papers and help predict which drugs and which combinations are the most effective.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, A.I. could also be used in genomics research for building databases, finding the appropriate studies for a specific case in seconds and recommending the best targeted treatment based on the given individual’s whole genome.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>3) Creating inclusive guidelines\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Medical associations should show some openness when creating and updating the latest guidelines – the most important recommendations for clinicians. They should, in fact, include genomic data – moreover, all OMICS-data such as proteomics, epigenomics or lipidomics – as the future points towards their increased utilization.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>4) The GDPR of Genomics? – Regulation of DTC genetic testing\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>At the moment, there are hundreds of companies around the world offering their genetic testing kits online. Some are available in the US, others in the EU, but due to a globalized economy, shipping services and the wonder called the Internet, testing kits could arrive at every corner of the world within a reasonable amount of time. Thus, regulators should come up with a unified regulatory framework for DTC genetic testing – the GDPR of genomics, if you wish – to ensure the reliability of the products and companies alongside with clear genomic data protection policies. In such a way, patients could walk into the office of their doctor with a lighter heart saying that here’s my genomic data, suggest to me a targeted treatment if such a therapy is available.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>By 2025, between 100 million and 2 billion human genomes will have been sequenced, researchers said. What do medical research, companies or governments do with such an incredible amount of data? How could genomics bring DNA-based targeted treatments, personalized drugs, and individualized clinical methods, in other words, precision medicine to healthcare?\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,22164,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32,33],500,488,800,[35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49],260,655,261,694,262,271,275,289,361,246,425,253,256,259,608,[],[],[53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64],2657,2921,3023,3031,1683,3585,1709,1883,1969,2043,2045,2063,[66,14,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89],"post-22156","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","category-genomics","category-healthcare-policy","tag-genetics","tag-genome-sequencing","tag-genome","tag-personal-genomics","tag-genomics","tag-health","tag-healthcare","tag-innovation","tag-prediction","tag-future","tag-technology-2","tag-gene","tag-genes","tag-genetic-testing","tag-precision-medicine",{"id":24,"alt_text":27,"caption":91,"description":27,"media_type":92,"media_details":93,"post":5,"source_url":133},"Source: www.explainingdna.com","image",{"width":94,"height":95,"file":96,"sizes":97,"image_meta":130},870,479,"2018\u002F10\u002FWhat-Is-DNA.jpg",{"medium":98,"large":104,"thumbnail":109,"medium_large":113,"large_old_512x282":114,"thumbnail_old_150x150":119,"medium_old_370x208":121,"medium_large_old_768x423":124,"large_old_512x282_old_512x282":127},{"file":99,"width":100,"height":101,"mime-type":102,"source_url":103},"What-Is-DNA-370x208.jpg",370,208,"image\u002Fjpeg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FWhat-Is-DNA-370x208.jpg",{"file":105,"width":106,"height":107,"mime-type":102,"source_url":108},"What-Is-DNA-768x423.jpg",768,423,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FWhat-Is-DNA-768x423.jpg",{"file":110,"width":111,"height":111,"mime-type":102,"source_url":112},"What-Is-DNA-150x150.jpg",150,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FWhat-Is-DNA-150x150.jpg",{"file":105,"width":106,"height":107,"mime-type":102,"source_url":108},{"file":115,"width":116,"height":117,"mime-type":102,"source_url":118},"What-Is-DNA-512x282.jpg",512,282,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FWhat-Is-DNA-512x282.jpg",{"file":110,"width":120,"height":120,"mime-type":102,"source_url":112},"150",{"file":99,"width":122,"height":123,"mime-type":102,"source_url":103},"370","208",{"file":105,"width":125,"height":126,"mime-type":102,"source_url":108},"768","423",{"file":115,"width":128,"height":129,"mime-type":102,"source_url":118},"512","282",{"aperture":131,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":131,"copyright":27,"focal_length":131,"iso":131,"shutter_speed":131,"title":27,"orientation":131,"keywords":132},"0",[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2018\u002F10\u002FWhat-Is-DNA.jpg",{"related_posts":135,"related_posts_footer":139,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[136,137,138],17644,15713,21392,[140,141,142],15120,14102,16209,{"yoast_wpseo_title":144,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":145,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"How Could Genomics Bring Precision Medicine To Healthcare? - The Medical Futurist","How could genomics bring DNA-based targeted treatments or personalized drugs, in other words, precision medicine to healthcare?",{"self":147,"collection":153,"about":156,"author":159,"replies":162,"version-history":165,"predecessor-version":169,"wp:featuredmedia":173,"wp:attachment":176,"wp:term":179,"curies":195},[148],{"href":149,"targetHints":150},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22156",{"allow":151},[152],"GET",[154],{"href":155},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[157],{"href":158},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[160],{"embeddable":26,"href":161},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[163],{"embeddable":26,"href":164},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=22156",[166],{"count":167,"href":168},23,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22156\u002Frevisions",[170],{"id":171,"href":172},46577,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F22156\u002Frevisions\u002F46577",[174],{"embeddable":26,"href":175},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F22164",[177],{"href":178},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=22156",[180,183,186,189,192],{"taxonomy":181,"embeddable":26,"href":182},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=22156",{"taxonomy":184,"embeddable":26,"href":185},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=22156",{"taxonomy":187,"embeddable":26,"href":188},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=22156",{"taxonomy":190,"embeddable":26,"href":191},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=22156",{"taxonomy":193,"embeddable":26,"href":194},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=22156",[196],{"name":197,"href":198,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[200],{"id":142,"date":201,"date_gmt":202,"guid":203,"modified":205,"modified_gmt":206,"slug":207,"status":13,"type":14,"link":208,"title":209,"content":211,"excerpt":213,"author":23,"featured_media":215,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":20,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":216,"categories":217,"tags":218,"project_category":223,"contact_email_category":224,"yst_prominent_words":225,"class_list":229,"better_featured_image":235,"acf":263,"yoast_meta":269,"_links":272},"2017-08-29T15:48:21","2017-08-29T13:48:21",{"rendered":204},"http:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?p=16209","2022-05-10T19:50:57","2022-05-10T17:50:57","how-does-a-brca-genetic-test-work","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fhow-does-a-brca-genetic-test-work",{"rendered":210},"How Does a BRCA Genetic Test Work? – The Dante Labs Review",{"rendered":212,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2017. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Dante Labs offered me their BRCA genetic test, which I gladly accepted as I never had an evaluation focused on my BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These are very important as their mutations increase the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in women, and prostate cancer in men. Here is my verdict.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The Angelina effect and why BRCA genes matter\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The concept and practice of BRCA genetic testing became extremely popular after Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2013\u002F05\u002F14\u002Fopinion\u002Fmy-medical-choice.html\">publicized her results\u003C\u002Fa> in 2013 alongside her decision to undergo a double mastectomy. A merciless but effective way to avoid getting breast cancer. Researchers even \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bmj.com\u002Fcontent\u002F355\u002Fbmj.i6357\">found that\u003C\u002Fa> many women rushed to genetic testing the days after her announcement. The “Angelina effect” was so strong that based on insurance claims for nearly 10 million women aged 18 to 64, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statnews.com\u002F2017\u002F01\u002F05\u002Fangelina-jolie-brca-testing\u002F\">BRCA testing rose 64 percent in the US in the 15 days\u003C\u002Fa> after Jolie described her BRCA results and surgery.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fangelina-jolie.jpg\" alt=\"BRCA genetic test\" class=\"wp-image-16212\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fangelina-jolie.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fangelina-jolie-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fangelina-jolie-512x302.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fangelina-jolie-424x250.jpg 424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although that was the outcome of an overhyped event, it is worth looking at what risks are associated with BRCA genes and what a BRCA genetic test can tell a tester. As described on the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Fabout-cancer\u002Fcauses-prevention\u002Fgenetics\u002Fbrca-fact-sheet\">website of the US National Cancer Institute\u003C\u002Fa>, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes producing tumor suppressor proteins, which help repair damaged DNA. When either of these genes is mutated or altered, such that its protein product either is not made or does not function correctly, DNA damage may not be repaired properly. As a result, cells are more likely to develop additional genetic alterations that can lead to cancer.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Together, BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Fabout-cancer\u002Fcauses-prevention\u002Fgenetics\u002Fbrca-fact-sheet#r2\">about 20-25 percent of hereditary breast cancers; and about 5-10 percent of all breast cancers\u003C\u002Fa>, which means a quite elevated risk. These numbers are even higher in the case of ovarian cancers: mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Fabout-cancer\u002Fcauses-prevention\u002Fgenetics\u002Fbrca-fact-sheet#r3\">15 percent of that cancer type overall\u003C\u002Fa>. Looking at prostate cancer cases, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fprostatecanceruk.org\u002Fabout-us\u002Fnews-and-views\u002F2013\u002F8\u002Fbrca-genes-myth-busters\">Prostate Cancer UK\u003C\u002Fa> found that only 0.44 percent and 1.2 percent of such cases carry mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 respectively. So, while the risk of prostate cancer increases with these mutations, most of the prostate cancer cases are not linked to BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. That’s one of the reasons why I decided that instead of me undergoing the Dante Labs genetic test, I will ask an enthusiastic female volunteer.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16210\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing.jpg\" alt=\"BRCA genetic test\" width=\"3542\" height=\"1992\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing-512x288.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing-445x250.jpg 445w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3542px) 100vw, 3542px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Should everyone rush to get a BRCA genetic test?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Before going into the details how Dante Labs’ test performed, I must set some things straight. As every other genetic test, also the pioneering BRCA tests cannot tell anyone for sure whether they will get cancer in the future, it only talks about risks. No matter that the method was already \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statnews.com\u002F2016\u002F11\u002F29\u002Fbrca-cancer-myriad-genetic-tests\u002F\">introduced in 1996\u003C\u002Fa>, new studies come along every year which might change what the test results mean. That’s why it is very important to interpret the results appropriately, with the help of a genetic counselor. Moreover, the Stanford Cancer Institute created an \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fbrcatool.stanford.edu\u002F\">online decision tool for women\u003C\u002Fa> to help them analyze cancer risks. It is especially important since such irreversible medical procedures might follow as removing ovaries or breasts.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Also, I would rather recommend the test for those in whose families breast cancer is already present; as harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations can be inherited from a person’s mother or father. The US National Cancer Institute says that a child of a parent who carries a mutation in one of these genes has a 50 percent chance (or 1 chance in 2) of inheriting the mutation. Luckily, you can already assess online with various risk calculators e.g. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cancer.gov\u002Fbcrisktool\u002F\">here\u003C\u002Fa> or \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fbrca.ovarian.org.uk\u002F\">here\u003C\u002Fa> whether you might even carry BRCA risks before testing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>But if you find out that you might have an elevated risk for having harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, you can take a genetic test at several laboratories. The most famous and oldest company for providing BRCA genetic testing is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmyriad.com\u002F\">Myriad Genetics\u003C\u002Fa>, but you might look up \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ambrygen.com\u002Fclinician\u002Fgenetic-testing\u002F23\u002Foncology\u002Fbrca1-and-brca2\">Ambry Genetics\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genedx.com\u002F\">GeneDx\u003C\u002Fa> – or of course Dante Labs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fgenetic-counseling.jpg\" alt=\"BRCA genetic test\" class=\"wp-image-16215\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fgenetic-counseling.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fgenetic-counseling-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fgenetic-counseling-512x341.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fgenetic-counseling-375x250.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Dante Labs and their genetic test\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The company works with leading genetic labs in the United States, Europe, and Asia; and partnered with Harvard University, Amazon, the Global Alliance for Genomics & Health or Privacy Shield Framework. Their technology is based on next generation sequencing (NGS), for which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.illumina.com\u002F\">Illumina\u003C\u002Fa> provides the appropriate technology.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Dante Labs promises to send you the BRCA testing kit within 2-3 business days after having placed your order for $349. When you get your package, you only have to do a simple cheek swab test, and send it back to the company. As I already had several experiences with genetic testing – I reviewed Navigenics, Pathway Genomics, Gentle Lab, and Futura Genetics (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ffutura-genetics-analyzed-my-genome-review\u002F\">here\u003C\u002Fa>) –, I have to say the results came back after too much waiting. For Dante Labs, it took eight weeks to send back the results in .pdf format. Alongside the document, I received the raw data what is beneficial as you can \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fanalyse-your-dna-in-your-living-room\u002F\">further analyse the secrets of your genes\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"653\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fimg_6970.jpg\" alt=\"Dante Labs genetic test\" class=\"wp-image-16246\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fimg_6970.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fimg_6970-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fimg_6970-512x384.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fimg_6970-333x250.jpg 333w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The results are thorough but difficult to analyse\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Although I don’t have the means to check the efficiency of the genetic analysis, as they work together with certified labs, I have no doubt about the accuracy of the results. When we looked at the results with our anonymous test person, we actually looked into two documents. The first .pdf provides a basic description of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and a very detailed scientific explanation of the results with all kinds of specific indicators and markings, which was very difficult to make sense of. I had to ask for the help of a genetic counselor to understand whether the findings have any risks.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>On the other hand, the second .pdf included an explanation in plain language about the possible consequences of the findings. According to which, our anonymous tester has a 12-13 percent risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer during her lifetime. It is considered to be equal to that of a woman in the general population.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>I appreciated Dante Labs approach towards the results, though. They acknowledge that these results are never definitive as they only represent the current stage of science. The company specified in the results that they found some “unusual change” or “variant” classified as of unknown significance. This means that there is a portion of the gene that looks different from the way it’s normally expected to be. However, researchers haven’t confirmed whether this variant is a harmless change or a risk factor. Dante Labs reaffirmed that these variants remain on a “watch list” as researchers collect information to determine whether people who have it are at increased cancer risk.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"471\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs-brca-analysis.jpg\" alt=\"BRCA genetic test\" class=\"wp-image-16217\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs-brca-analysis.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs-brca-analysis-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs-brca-analysis-512x277.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs-brca-analysis-458x248.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>All in all, the Dante Labs BRCA testing process is easy coupled with fast sampling. The company provides a thorough analysis and the raw data, but the results are hard to digest for the average person and the .pdf report is not updated with the latest results. Otherwise, I recommend everyone to get around BRCA or any other genetic tests cautiously and assess the results with the utmost care involving medical professionals and genetic counselors.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"870\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs_prosandcons.png\" alt=\"BRCA genetic testing\" class=\"wp-image-16220\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs_prosandcons.png 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs_prosandcons-768x768.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs_prosandcons-150x150.png 150w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs_prosandcons-512x512.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fdante-labs_prosandcons-250x250.png 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fthemedicalfuturist.us8.list-manage.com\u002Fsubscribe?u=5b42ebb547c75ff669a6572d3&id=efd6a3cd08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Furl?q=https:\u002F\u002Fthemedicalfuturist.us8.list-manage.com\u002Fsubscribe?u%3D5b42ebb547c75ff669a6572d3%26id%3Defd6a3cd08&source=gmail&ust=1534355444917000&usg=AFQjCNH9L0BP3FQtAahXcvw9Dg9JLtyZDw\">\u003Cb>Subscribe To The Medical Futurist℠ Newsletter\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\u003Cli>News shaping the future of healthcare\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Advice on taking charge of your health\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Reviews of the latest health technology\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":214,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Dante Labs offered me their BRCA genetic test, which I gladly accepted as I never had an evaluation focused on my BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These are very important as their mutations increase the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in women, and prostate cancer in men. Here is my verdict.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",16213,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[32],[42,219,220,221,222,47,48,35,40,41],354,355,522,163,[],[],[226,61,227,64,228],1727,2033,2967,[230,14,67,68,69,70,71,73,82,231,232,233,234,87,88,75,80,81],"post-16209","tag-personalized-genetics","tag-personalized-medicine","tag-gc3","tag-cancer-2",{"id":215,"alt_text":27,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":92,"media_details":236,"post":142,"source_url":262},{"width":94,"height":237,"file":238,"sizes":239,"image_meta":260},693,"2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover.jpg",{"medium":240,"large":243,"thumbnail":247,"medium_large":250,"large_old_512x408":251,"medium_old_314x250":255},{"file":241,"width":100,"height":101,"mime-type":102,"source_url":242},"brca-genetic-testing_cover-370x208.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover-370x208.jpg",{"file":244,"width":106,"height":245,"mime-type":102,"source_url":246},"brca-genetic-testing_cover-768x612.jpg",612,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover-768x612.jpg",{"file":248,"width":111,"height":111,"mime-type":102,"source_url":249},"brca-genetic-testing_cover-150x150.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover-150x150.jpg",{"file":244,"width":106,"height":245,"mime-type":102,"source_url":246},{"file":252,"width":116,"height":253,"mime-type":102,"source_url":254},"brca-genetic-testing_cover-512x408.jpg",408,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover-512x408.jpg",{"file":256,"width":257,"height":258,"mime-type":102,"source_url":259},"brca-genetic-testing_cover-314x250.jpg",314,250,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover-314x250.jpg",{"aperture":131,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":131,"copyright":27,"focal_length":131,"iso":131,"shutter_speed":131,"title":27,"orientation":131,"keywords":261},[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F08\u002Fbrca-genetic-testing_cover.jpg",{"related_posts":264,"related_posts_footer":266,"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20},[140,141,265],14029,[267,138,268],14192,17759,{"yoast_wpseo_title":270,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":271,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":208},"How Does a BRCA Genetic Test Work? - The Dante Labs Review","BRCA Genetic Test - Dante Labs Review: Why BRCA genes matter? Should everyone rush to get a BRCA genetic test? Check out the pros & cons!",{"self":273,"collection":278,"about":280,"author":282,"replies":284,"version-history":287,"predecessor-version":291,"wp:featuredmedia":295,"wp:attachment":298,"wp:term":301,"curies":312},[274],{"href":275,"targetHints":276},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F16209",{"allow":277},[152],[279],{"href":155},[281],{"href":158},[283],{"embeddable":26,"href":161},[285],{"embeddable":26,"href":286},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=16209",[288],{"count":289,"href":290},19,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F16209\u002Frevisions",[292],{"id":293,"href":294},44909,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F16209\u002Frevisions\u002F44909",[296],{"embeddable":26,"href":297},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F16213",[299],{"href":300},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=16209",[302,304,306,308,310],{"taxonomy":181,"embeddable":26,"href":303},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=16209",{"taxonomy":184,"embeddable":26,"href":305},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=16209",{"taxonomy":187,"embeddable":26,"href":307},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=16209",{"taxonomy":190,"embeddable":26,"href":309},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=16209",{"taxonomy":193,"embeddable":26,"href":311},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=16209",[313],{"name":197,"href":198,"templated":26},[],1789238018235]