[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":452},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-explainable-ai-in-healthcare":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":181,"relatedBooks":336},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":34,"project_category":45,"contact_email_category":48,"yst_prominent_words":49,"class_list":60,"better_featured_image":82,"acf":118,"yoast_meta":126,"_links":128},36345,"2021-09-28T10:00:00","2021-09-28T08:00:00",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=36345&_wpnonce=15e8c2a100&status=auto-draft&type=post","2021-09-27T22:47:09","2021-09-27T20:47:09","explainable-ai-in-healthcare","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fexplainable-ai-in-healthcare",{"rendered":17},"Explainable A.I. Or Why You Need To Understand Machine Learning In Healthcare",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>A doctor in China uses a machine learning algorithm to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fchinese-hospitals-deploy-ai-help-diagnose-covid-19\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">detect signs of pneumonia\u003C\u002Fa> associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections on images from lung CT scans. Epidemiologists in Canada are using the technology \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fai-epidemiologist-wuhan-public-health-warnings\u002F\">to monitor the spread of a disease\u003C\u002Fa> and help prevent outbreaks. In the U.S., researchers are using artificial intelligence for \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fnetwork-medicine-in-the-fight-against-covid-19\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">more efficient drug discovery\u003C\u002Fa>. Elsewhere around the world, patients are turning to their phones to access \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Ftop-12-health-chatbots\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">symptom checkers\u003C\u002Fa> leveraging smart algorithms.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>These instances where medical professionals and patients alike employ artificial intelligence (A. I.) are already happening but in the coming years will be even more commonplace. However, as the technology becomes ubiquitous at a heightened pace, understanding how it works and explaining its deductions becomes increasingly challenging. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, if the future of medicine and healthcare \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fartificial-intelligence-and-the-art-of-medicine\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">relies on a collaboration with A.I.\u003C\u002Fa>, we will have to be able to understand the underlying processes of these tools so that we can in turn trust their insights. Seeking such transparency is what \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FExplainable_artificial_intelligence\" target=\"_blank\">explainable A.I.\u003C\u002Fa> deals with.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>In this article, we will go over the basics of this disruptive technology; as well as highlight the importance of better understanding it whether you are a healthcare practitioner or a patient.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Chr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\u002F>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>The need for explainable A.I.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Explainability when it comes to A.I. refers to humans understanding the output of an algorithm, in particular a machine learning (ML) one. Often, the latter \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ibm.com\u002Fwatson\u002Fexplainable-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">is considered as a black box\u003C\u002Fa> that not even the programmers behind such models can fully understand or explain how they achieved a certain result. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>And when such software programs are dealing with data as sensitive as healthcare-related ones, we can appreciate the need to better understand how they arrived at a specific result. Such a grasp on the technology will allow us to manage it, gauge its efficiency and eventually trust it. Moreover, this will help address eventual challenges and concerns arising from A.I. in medical practice.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"One-minute Challenge: Artificial Intelligence - The Medical Futurist\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FEJuX4xEpajA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As such, the aim with explainable A.I. (XAI) is to shift the traditional black-box approach to a white-box one for greater transparency, interpretability, and explainability. These are \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fieeexplore.ieee.org\u002Fdocument\u002F9007737\" target=\"_blank\">the three core elements\u003C\u002Fa> that are often highlighted in this context. While the quest for XAI in life science is relatively new, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1708.01104\" target=\"_blank\">efforts are underway\u003C\u002Fa> to produce “glass box” models.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Researchers \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12911-020-01332-6\" target=\"_blank\">call it crucial\u003C\u002Fa> for those using A.I. in medicine to understand what it is. They even go as far as \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12911-020-01332-6\" target=\"_blank\">saying that\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Cem>“omitting explainability in clinical decision support systems poses a threat to core ethical values in medicine and may have detrimental consequences for individual and public health”. \u003C\u002Fem>We can go further by saying that not only clinicians but also patients, and indeed any stakeholder in healthcare, should better understand medical A.I. This is because in the digital health age, A.I. will become a necessary tool for every player in this field. In the next section, we will go through its basics to help you get acquainted with the common terms and how they work.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Algorithms, artificial intelligence and machine learning \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In understanding A.I., it’s important to make the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fsimple-algorithms-vs-a-i\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">distinction between simple algorithms and artificial intelligence\u003C\u002Fa>. Let’s consider each of their definitions separately.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F02\u002Ftmf_article_238-01-768x432.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32491\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F02\u002Ftmf_article_238-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F02\u002Ftmf_article_238-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F02\u002Ftmf_article_238-01-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F02\u002Ftmf_article_238-01.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Algorithm\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>An algorithm \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merriam-webster.com\u002Fdictionary\u002Falgorithm\" target=\"_blank\">can be defined as\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Cem>“a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end”;\u003C\u002Fem> and while such instructions are part of what makes an A.I., they aren’t defined as such by themselves. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Artificial intelligence\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>A.I. on the other hand \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merriam-webster.com\u002Fdictionary\u002Fartificial%20intelligence\" target=\"_blank\">is defined as\u003C\u002Fa> \u003Cem>“the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior”\u003C\u002Fem>. However, when talking about A.I. nowadays, we most often focus on machine learning (ML), which is one of A.I.’s subcategories. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Machine learning\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>ML is itself \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.merriam-webster.com\u002Fdictionary\u002Fmachine%20learning\" target=\"_blank\">defined as\u003C\u002Fa> “\u003Cem>the process by which a computer is able to improve its own performance (as in analysing image files) by continuously incorporating new data into an existing statistical model”.\u003C\u002Fem> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>With \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fa-physicians-visual-guide-to-artificial-intelligence\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ML techniques\u003C\u002Fa>, developers enable algorithms to learn a task without being explicitly programmed for this particular task. Such ML algorithms can identify patterns in datasets given good quality and quantity of data. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>While there are several ML subtypes, below we elaborate on the three major subtypes as well as an advanced method, deep learning (DL), that are more relevant to healthcare. We will use a child and a teacher analogy since algorithms can also be seen as children learning new skills through their developer teachers.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F0915_ai_paper_0-03-768x432.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30243\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F0915_ai_paper_0-03-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F0915_ai_paper_0-03-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F0915_ai_paper_0-03-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F09\u002F0915_ai_paper_0-03.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>1. Supervised learning\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>This ML subtype is comparable to teaching a child exactly what to learn. It is used when the exact task of an algorithm can be precisely defined with the data at hand. In medical practice, it can look as follows. We have two patient groups, Group A and Group B, each with their own set of medical records. Group A’s set contains the family history, lab markers and other details of the diagnosis. Group B’s set consists of the same types of information, but the diagnosis is missing. We can train an algorithm with supervised learning to assign the right diagnosis to Group B, based on the associations and labels the algorithm learns about in Group A. This method is the most frequently used training mode.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>2. Unsupervised learning\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As the name suggests, this method is akin to learning without a teacher. The starting tools are there, but the child decides on the end result. We provide different datasets to the algorithm and it finds associations on its own, even those we might not have thought about. Additionally, we do not modify the algorithm based on the outcome. Such a model can discover new drug-drug interactions or cluster patients according to the attributes they display.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>3. Reinforcement learning\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Reinforcement learning shares similar features with unsupervised learning in that the starting tools are given to the “child” and it is left to make decisions on its own in order to achieve a task. However, unlike unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning involves input from the “teacher”. After a series of actions (but not after each action as with supervised learning), A. I. developers input their feedback to nudge the algorithm towards the best course of action. The issue with using this subtype in healthcare is that we cannot test out the algorithm on a large number of scenarios since patient lives are at stake.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>4. Deep learning\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>DL is an advanced subtype of ML that holds different potentials altogether. Its functioning is based on artificial neural networks (ANN), which are themselves inspired by the neural network of the human brain. DL consists of a layered ANN structure where the more layers it has, the more complex tasks it can perform. Let’s say we are building a model to group patients based on their diagnosis. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>If the information reads “Type 1 Diabetes”, an ML algorithm will cluster medical records with “Type 1 Diabetes”. A DL algorithm on the other hand will be able to, with time, assign patients with only the “T1D” abbreviation mentioned in their records to the same group, without human input. Other ML subtypes will require manual input from the developers to recognise this abbreviation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Know your A.I.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>While understanding artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms at a deeper level might require advanced programming knowledge, it will become important for non-programmers to understand the basics of the technology, especially in healthcare. This was the aim of this article and to help guide you further through the intricacies of A.I. in healthcare, we have more resources to share.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>To help you draw the line between simple algorithms and A.I., we wrote an article dedicated to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fsimple-algorithms-vs-a-i\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">the importance of this distinction\u003C\u002Fa> in medicine. Last year, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftmfinstitute.org\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">The Medical Futurist Institute\u003C\u002Fa> published \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fa-physicians-visual-guide-to-artificial-intelligence\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">a paper in npj Digital Medicine\u003C\u002Fa> to guide medical professionals in better understanding the basics of A.I. and its potentials in medicine.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For an even deeper dive into the world of A. I. in healthcare, we \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fa-i-in-healthcare-insights-from-the-new-e-book\u002F#\" target=\"_blank\">published an e-book on the topic\u003C\u002Fa> earlier this year. ‘\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanpub.com\u002FArtificialIntelligenceinHealthcare\" target=\"_blank\">A Guide To Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare\u003C\u002Fa>’ is aimed at being a comprehensive guide to help readers get a firm grasp of the possibilities and limits of A.I. in healthcare.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, the world of A.I. and its implications for healthcare are ever-evolving and require close scrutiny. To that effect, we will be sharing regular explainers and relevant analyses on The Medical Futurist.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Written by Dr. Bertalan Meskó & Dr. Pranavsingh Dhunnoo\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\">\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>A doctor in China uses a machine learning algorithm to detect signs of pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections on images from lung CT scans. Epidemiologists […]\u003C\u002Fp>\n",16,36397,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32,33],6261,504,798,[35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44],636,671,821,6187,6197,137,6199,144,421,7375,[46,47],947,948,[],[50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59],1739,1883,2187,2695,2705,2739,1661,1683,1715,1723,[61,14,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81],"post-36345","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forecast","category-artificial-intelligence","category-digital-health-research","tag-deep-learning","tag-machine-learning","tag-a-i","tag-npj-digital-medicine","tag-supervised-learning","tag-algorithm","tag-reinforcement-learning","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-study","tag-unsupervised-learning","project_category-company","project_category-developers",{"id":24,"alt_text":27,"caption":27,"description":17,"media_type":83,"media_details":84,"post":5,"source_url":117},"image",{"width":85,"height":86,"file":87,"sizes":88,"image_meta":115},1920,1080,"2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01.png",{"medium":89,"large":95,"thumbnail":100,"medium_large":104,"1536x1536":105,"2048x2048":110},{"file":90,"width":91,"height":92,"mime-type":93,"source_url":94},"tmf_article_293-01-370x208.png","370","208","image\u002Fpng","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01-370x208.png",{"file":96,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":93,"source_url":99},"tmf_article_293-01-768x432.png","768","432","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01-768x432.png",{"file":101,"width":102,"height":102,"mime-type":93,"source_url":103},"tmf_article_293-01-150x150.png","150","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01-150x150.png",{"file":96,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":93,"source_url":99},{"file":106,"width":107,"height":108,"mime-type":93,"source_url":109},"tmf_article_293-01-1536x864.png","1536","864","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01-1536x864.png",{"file":111,"width":112,"height":113,"mime-type":93,"source_url":114},"tmf_article_293-01-2048x1152.png","2048","1152","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01-2048x1152.png",{"aperture":116,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":116,"copyright":27,"focal_length":116,"iso":116,"shutter_speed":116,"title":27,"orientation":116},"0","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_293-01.png",{"cta_type":119,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":120,"related_posts_footer":122,"related_posts":20},"subscribe",[121],24762,[123,124,125],10785,23749,17427,{"yoast_wpseo_title":17,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":127,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":15},"The basics of A.I. – how artificial intelligence disrupts healthcare, and what more it can do to make everything better.",{"self":129,"collection":135,"about":138,"author":141,"replies":144,"version-history":147,"predecessor-version":151,"wp:featuredmedia":155,"wp:attachment":158,"wp:term":161,"curies":177},[130],{"href":131,"targetHints":132},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F36345",{"allow":133},[134],"GET",[136],{"href":137},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[139],{"href":140},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[142],{"embeddable":26,"href":143},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F16",[145],{"embeddable":26,"href":146},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=36345",[148],{"count":149,"href":150},14,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F36345\u002Frevisions",[152],{"id":153,"href":154},36401,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F36345\u002Frevisions\u002F36401",[156],{"embeddable":26,"href":157},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F36397",[159],{"href":160},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=36345",[162,165,168,171,174],{"taxonomy":163,"embeddable":26,"href":164},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=36345",{"taxonomy":166,"embeddable":26,"href":167},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=36345",{"taxonomy":169,"embeddable":26,"href":170},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=36345",{"taxonomy":172,"embeddable":26,"href":173},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=36345",{"taxonomy":175,"embeddable":26,"href":176},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=36345",[178],{"name":179,"href":180,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[182],{"id":125,"date":183,"date_gmt":184,"guid":185,"modified":187,"modified_gmt":188,"slug":189,"status":13,"type":14,"link":190,"title":191,"content":193,"excerpt":195,"author":197,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":199,"categories":200,"tags":207,"project_category":222,"contact_email_category":225,"yst_prominent_words":226,"class_list":238,"better_featured_image":262,"acf":282,"yoast_meta":290,"_links":293},"2021-09-21T10:00:00","2021-09-21T08:00:00",{"rendered":186},"http:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?p=17427","2021-09-21T09:17:07","2021-09-21T07:17:07","robotics-blockchain-redesign-pharma-supply-chain","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Frobotics-blockchain-redesign-pharma-supply-chain",{"rendered":192},"From Drug Design To Distribution: This Is How Robotics, A.I. and Blockchain Transforms Pharma",{"rendered":194,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Exoskeletons to aid pharma factory workers. 3D printing to allow pharmacies to produce drugs on the spot. Blockchain technologies to help fight counterfeit drugs. \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>These are just bits and pieces, but the entire process of the pharmaceutical supply chain will be affected by disruptive technologies. Let me show you how innovations will make it more efficient, faster and cheaper than ever before.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh5>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>“\u003Cem>We call it Robi\u003C\u002Fem>”, the smiling pharmacist told me when I looked at the robotic dispenser pacing up and down in a small glass-fronted drug storage room of the pharmacy. The robot spares humans about two hours of medication stacking and distribution every single day. “\u003Cem>And it only makes mistakes if I make one. Or when there are too many requests at the same time” \u003C\u002Fem>– the pharmacist added. By leveraging robotic tools, pharmacies can reduce the time for monotonous tasks and shorten the waiting time. \u003Cstrong>This one is just one tiny example of the zillions of solutions where robots improve the pharma supply chain.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F210_tmf-01-768x432.png\" alt=\"Future of Pharmacies\" class=\"wp-image-30493\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F210_tmf-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F210_tmf-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F210_tmf-01-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F210_tmf-01.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Will there be robots behind the counter in the pharmacies of the future? Probably. But there will also be a human.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diverse and diversified instead of linear supply chains\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Time and efficiency are key in the operation of the pharmaceutical supply chain. Its main objective is to deliver the right medication to the person in need as fast as possible – to aid the healing process in the best way possible. While the drug designing, manufacturing, and distribution supply chains have been changing constantly due to new technologies, the scope and quality of the recent transformation are much more profound.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>First and foremost, \u003Cstrong>these supply chains always represented a linear, one-way process\u003C\u002Fstrong>: from the drug producer to the consumer. As technologies are integrating the patient more and more into the entire pharmaceutical industry – not as an end-user, but as an active shaper of outcomes, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pwc.com\u002Fgx\u002Fen\u002Fpharma-life-sciences\u002Fpharma-2020\u002Fassets\u002Fpharma-2020-supplying-the-future.pdf\">supply chains transform into two-way streets\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Secondly, these \u003Cstrong>networks have grown immensely in scope and complexity\u003C\u002Fstrong> due to globalisation, new technologies and the advancement of transportation. Thirdly, \u003Cstrong>personalisation and targeted treatments\u003C\u002Fstrong> will result in the fragmentation and diversification of these networks, while fourthly, \u003Cstrong>disruption\u003C\u002Fstrong> will allow smaller companies with relatively few experiences to connect to the market.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Moreover, there is a real chance for the home of the patient to also become part of the supply chain due to 3D printing or artificial intelligence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Of course, each technology will impact a different part of the pharmaceutical supply chain and to a different degree, so it is worth looking at them separately and in more detail.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"ebook-block-spacer\">\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"ebook-block-backdrop backdrop-blur\" id=\"modal-backdrop-ebook-block_61485de039513\">\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cinput style=\"display: none\" id=\"modal-ebook-block_61485de039513\"\n       value=\"{"featured":{"ID":24764,"post_author":"10","post_date":"2019-09-06 22:00:04","post_date_gmt":"2019-09-06 20:00:04","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\\n<p>We designed this e-book to serve as a collection of relevant examples, best practices and exciting ideas that can help any pharmaceutical company prepare for change. Many pharma companies have been trying to hop on the “digital train”. <a href=\\"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fleanpub.com\\\u002Fthefutureofpharma\\" target=\\"_blank\\" rel=\\"noreferrer noopener\\">This e-book<\\\u002Fa> was meant to prove that instead of a train of innovation, stakeholders should think in terms of spaceships and while there is still time to embrace digital health and patient empowerment, those that do it faster will get exponentially ahead of their competitors.<\\\u002Fp>\\n<!-- \\\u002Fwp:paragraph -->","post_title":"How Technologies are Shaping the Future of Pharma","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"technologies-shaping-the-future-of-pharma","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-03-12 18:14:56","post_modified_gmt":"2023-03-12 17:14:56","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002F?post_type=book&p=24764","menu_order":16,"post_type":"book","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw","featured_image":["https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002Ffuture-of-pharma.png",320,415,false],"leanpub_url":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fleanpub.com\\\u002Fthefutureofpharma?utm_source=books&utm_medium=referral","preview":[{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002F1114_pharma_ebook_2022-cover-copy.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-03.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-04.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-05.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-06.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-07.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-08.png"},{"image":"https:\\\u002F\\\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\\\u002Fwp-content\\\u002Fuploads\\\u002F2019\\\u002F09\\\u002FTechnologies-Shaping-The-Future-of-Pharma-UPDATED-09.png"}],"buy_button_text":"Get it on Leanpub"},"others":[]}\"\u002F>\n\u003Cdiv id=\"ebook-block_61485de039513\" class=\"ebook\">\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"ebook-block h-100\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"container h-100\">\n            \u003Cdiv class=\"article-body h-100\">\n                \u003Cdiv class=\"row h-100 align-items-center\">\n                    \u003Cdiv class=\"col-md-5 pr-md-5 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n                        \u003Cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002Ffuture-of-pharma.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"img-fluid\">\n                    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n                    \u003Cdiv class=\"col-md-7 pl-md-3\">\n                        \u003Ch3>How Technologies are Shaping the Future of Pharma\u003C\u002Fh3>\n                        \u003C!-- wp:paragraph -->\n\u003Cp>We designed this e-book to serve as a collection of relevant examples, best practices and exciting ideas that can help any pharmaceutical company prepare for change. Many pharma companies have been trying to hop on the “digital train”. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fleanpub.com\u002Fthefutureofpharma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This e-book\u003C\u002Fa> was meant to prove that instead of a train of innovation, stakeholders should think in terms of spaceships and while there is still time to embrace digital health and patient empowerment, those that do it faster will get exponentially ahead of their competitors.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C!-- \u002Fwp:paragraph -->                        \u003Cbutton data-target=\"modal-ebook-block_61485de039513\"\n                                class=\"ebook-block-button btn btn-lg font-weight-bold btn-tmf-blue mt-3\">\n                            Start Reading Now\n                        \u003C\u002Fbutton>\n                    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n                \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n            \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Artificial Intelligence in drug design\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>A.I. solutions could fundamentally alter the traditional process of designing drugs. It could make drug development much cheaper and more effective; remarkably shorten the drug production circle, and help out pharma in finding new drugs. All this without burdening clinical trials and accumulating costs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>According to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS2452302X1600036X#:~:text=Although%20the%20drug%20development%20takes,daunting%20and%20difficult%20to%20navigate.\">estimates\u003C\u002Fa>, it takes about 12 years and $2.9 billion for an experimental drug to advance from concept to market. In 2019, A.I. pharma startup Insilico Medicine identified a potential new drug \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.technologyreview.com\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F03\u002F133175\u002Fan-ai-system-identified-a-potential-new-drug-in-just-46-days\u002F\">in only 46 days\u003C\u002Fa>. This is the difference A.I. is capable of. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>San Francisco-based \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.atomwise.com\u002F\">Atomwise\u003C\u002Fa> uses supercomputers that root out therapies from a database of molecular structures. During the Ebola epidemic in 2015, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.atomwise.com\u002F2015\u002F03\u002F24\u002Fnew-ebola-treatment-using-artificial-intelligence\u002F\">Atomwise used its A.I. algorithm\u003C\u002Fa> to identify two drugs with significant potential to reduce Ebola infectivity. This analysis that typically would have taken months or years was completed in less than one day.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>At the start of the pandemic, global cooperation was formed to help the search for effective drug treatments against COVID-19. In less than 10 days after repurposing their toolset to find a treatment for COVID-19, BarabasiLab had \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcovid.barabasilab.com\u002F2020\u002F04\u002Fnetwork-based-embedding-of-all-human.html\">a list of promising drugs\u003C\u002Fa> for testing in human cell lines in an experimental lab. They used A.I.-based \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fnetwork-medicine-in-the-fight-against-covid-19\u002F\">network medicine\u003C\u002Fa> to be able to do so.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F168_tmf-01-768x432.png\" alt=\"Network medicine in finding treatment for COVID-19\" class=\"wp-image-28279\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F168_tmf-01-768x432.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F168_tmf-01-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F168_tmf-01-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F05\u002F168_tmf-01.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Network medicine\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Robotics and augmented reality will support drug manufacturing\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>With its need for speed, repeatability, and verification, pharmaceutical manufacturing is ideally suited to benefit from robot automation. Consistency or cost-efficiency are all arguments in favour of robots; as not only does the robot perform its tasks exactly as it is told to, everything it does can be thoroughly documented. Global robotics company, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fdensorobotics.com\u002Fworld\u002F\">Denso Robotics\u003C\u002Fa>, for example, offers the three most commonly used types of robots, cartesian, SCARA and articulated robots for different tasks in pharmaceutical manufacturing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pharmaceutical-technology.com\u002Ffeatures\u002Frobotic-drug-dispensing-digital-pharmacy\u002F\">Robotic medical dispenser systems\u003C\u002Fa> as medication management solutions help any given facility “right-size” its system for its volume. It is also an emerging best practice that these robots are designed with robust data mining capabilities. It means that pharmacies can gain valuable insights about their traffic and efficiency all the time.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Robots or A.I. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F5-reasons-artificial-intelligence-wont-replace-physicians\">can and will not replace humans\u003C\u002Fa> when it comes to more complex assignments requiring creativity and problem-solving skills. However, \u003Cstrong>humans can get better at their tasks using digital technologies\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>One example in pharma is how people could \u003Cstrong>learn faster and more efficiently through augmented reality\u003C\u002Fstrong> (AR). Moreover, their training would not require extra workforce either; colleagues assigned with the coaching of newcomers might get different tasks.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In another scenario, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.contemporaryclinic.com\u002Fview\u002Fstudy-finds-exoskeletons-can-reduce-strain-in-health-care\">exoskeletons\u003C\u002Fa> could aid workers to lift heavy loads and support them in enduring long hours of standing or other uncomfortable positions.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Fvirtual-augmented-reality-apps-medicine-realistic-composition-with-holding-smartphone-hand-choosing-medication_1284-31971-edited.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36295\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Fvirtual-augmented-reality-apps-medicine-realistic-composition-with-holding-smartphone-hand-choosing-medication_1284-31971-edited.jpg 626w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Fvirtual-augmented-reality-apps-medicine-realistic-composition-with-holding-smartphone-hand-choosing-medication_1284-31971-edited-370x208.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: freepic.com\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternative routes for production: 3D printing drugs in pharmacies\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>While automation and AR-supported workforce considerably speed up the process of manufacturing and enable the production of large quantities of the same medication, 3D printing would allow pharma companies to create drugs in more effective dose formats. It would also enable \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.procurementleaders.com\u002Fblog\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-will-3d-printing-impact-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-679466#.WnehOejOU2w\">low-volume production coupled with personalised medicine\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The idea is not as far-fetched as you think. In 2016, the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002F471030\u002Fthe-fda-has-approved-the-first-drug-made-by-a-3d-printer\u002F\">FDA just approved\u003C\u002Fa> an epilepsy drug called Spritam that is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fthe-fda-just-approved-the-first-3d-printed-drug\u002F\">made by 3D printers\u003C\u002Fa>. It prints out the powdered drug layer by layer to make it dissolve faster than average pills. Scientists working with the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hhmi.org\u002F\">Howard Hughes Medical Institute\u003C\u002Fa> have developed a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hhmi.org\u002Fnews\u002F3d-printer-small-molecules-opens-access-customized-chemistry\">new 3D printer\u003C\u002Fa> that can synthesise 14 different classes of a small molecule using a set of chemical building blocks. However, Spritam is the only FDA-approved 3D printed drug to date.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fposts\u002Ffuture-of-3d-dr-40333175\">an exclusive interview\u003C\u002Fa> for The Medical Futurist Patreon channel, Dr. Alvaro Goyanes, Development Director and lead project researcher of 3D printed drug company, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fabrx.co.uk\u002F\">FabRx\u003C\u002Fa> told me: \u003Cem>“I have found no drug that we couldn’t 3D print so far.” \u003C\u002Fem>Dr. Goyanes believes the technology will be available everywhere in 5-10 years, as it’s already in hospitals. “\u003Cem>We envision a system where medicines are going to be prepared from raw materials in the same way you use a Nespresso machine to prepare coffee.”\u003C\u002Fem> However, the FabRx team was cautious about the potential of the GP e-mailing the drug prescription and the patient 3D printing it at home.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1527\" height=\"859\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002F3d_printed_drugs_poster-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36297\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002F3d_printed_drugs_poster-edited.png 1527w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002F3d_printed_drugs_poster-edited-370x208.png 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002F3d_printed_drugs_poster-edited-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1527px) 100vw, 1527px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Blockchain securing distribution chains\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The pharmaceutical industry has a particular interest in blockchain technology. Within the network where medication gets from pharmaceutical companies through distributors, hospitals, and pharmacies to the patient, the most important challenge is to ensure the safety and security of the products themselves. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The issue of counterfeit medicines, as the dark side of networked markets and globalisation, has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pharmaceutical-technology.com\u002Ffeatures\u002Fblockchain-pharma-opportunities-supply-chain\u002F\">become increasingly pressing\u003C\u002Fa>; both in terms of the economic cost of this global black market and the risk to human life that comes from taking counterfeit drugs. In many developing countries in Asia, Africa, and South America, counterfeit drugs comprise between 10 – 30 percent of the total medicines on sale. Blockchain technology can be the answer to this issue.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The technology offers security through transparency. It might work as follows: barcode-tagged drugs could be scanned and entered into secure digital blocks whenever they change hands. This ongoing real-time record could be viewed anytime by authorised parties and even patients at the far end of the supply chain. This would make it much more difficult for criminal networks to sell their counterfeit drugs on the market.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, the advantages of blockchain for pharma do not stop there. Drug developers running clinical trials might be able to share clinical data and medical samples more securely and simply; while in healthcare, vaccine registries could be more easily set up and relied upon. And while blockchain underpins the digital currencies demanded in ransomware attacks, the technology could also play a role in securing sensitive industry data from malicious attacks.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Chr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\u002F>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Overall, pharma should embrace digital health technologies or small companies coming from a garage that might beat them at speed, patient centricity, and cost (the triad of success in the digital age).\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh4>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\">\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fthemedicalfuturist.us8.list-manage.com\u002Fsubscribe?u=5b42ebb547c75ff669a6572d3&id=efd6a3cd08\">\u003Cb>Subscribe To The Medical Futurist℠ Newsletter\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\u003Cli>News shaping the future of healthcare\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Advice on taking charge of your health\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Reviews of the latest health technology\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\n",{"rendered":196,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Exoskeletons to aid pharma factory workers. 3D printing to allow pharmacies to produce drugs on the spot. Blockchain technologies to help fight counterfeit drugs.  These […]\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,36305,{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[201,32,202,203,204,205,206],498,493,521,490,512,799,[208,209,42,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221],134,1530,206,535,289,7355,355,816,356,819,377,839,840,130,[46,223,224],949,951,[],[227,228,229,230,231,232,233,58,234,235,236,237],4157,4491,1599,4941,1621,1625,1633,2133,2915,2927,3201,[239,14,62,63,64,65,66,240,68,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,77,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,80,260,261],"post-17427","category-3d-printing","category-augmented-reality","category-future-medicine","category-future-of-pharma","category-robotics","category-security-privacy","tag-ai","tag-drug-design","tag-digital","tag-pharmacies","tag-innovation","tag-3d-printed-pills","tag-personalized-medicine","tag-blockchain","tag-pharma-2","tag-pharmaceutics","tag-robotics-2","tag-robots","tag-supply-chain","tag-3d-printing-2","project_category-educators","project_category-patients",{"id":198,"alt_text":27,"caption":27,"description":263,"media_type":83,"media_details":264,"post":125,"source_url":281},"Digital tools disrupting the supply chains of Pharma",{"width":85,"height":86,"file":265,"sizes":266,"image_meta":280},"2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_291_A-02.png",{"medium":267,"large":270,"thumbnail":273,"medium_large":276,"1536x1536":277},{"file":268,"width":91,"height":92,"mime-type":93,"source_url":269},"tmf_article_291_A-02-370x208.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_291_A-02-370x208.png",{"file":271,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":93,"source_url":272},"tmf_article_291_A-02-768x432.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_291_A-02-768x432.png",{"file":274,"width":102,"height":102,"mime-type":93,"source_url":275},"tmf_article_291_A-02-150x150.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_291_A-02-150x150.png",{"file":271,"width":97,"height":98,"mime-type":93,"source_url":272},{"file":278,"width":107,"height":108,"mime-type":93,"source_url":279},"tmf_article_291_A-02-1536x864.png","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_291_A-02-1536x864.png",{"aperture":116,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":116,"copyright":27,"focal_length":116,"iso":116,"shutter_speed":116,"title":27,"orientation":116},"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Ftmf_article_291_A-02.png",{"related_posts":20,"related_posts_footer":283,"subtitle":27,"cta_type":119,"cta_color":27,"related_books":287},[284,285,286],17254,35983,24512,[288,289],24759,24763,{"yoast_wpseo_title":291,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":292,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":190},"From Drug Design To Distribution: This Is How Robotics, A.I. and Blockchain Transforms Pharma - The Medical Futurist","Changing pharma supply chain: the entire process will be affected by disruptive technologies like robotics, A.I. or blockchain.",{"self":294,"collection":299,"about":301,"author":303,"replies":306,"version-history":309,"predecessor-version":313,"wp:featuredmedia":317,"wp:attachment":320,"wp:term":323,"curies":334},[295],{"href":296,"targetHints":297},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F17427",{"allow":298},[134],[300],{"href":137},[302],{"href":140},[304],{"embeddable":26,"href":305},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[307],{"embeddable":26,"href":308},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=17427",[310],{"count":311,"href":312},12,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F17427\u002Frevisions",[314],{"id":315,"href":316},36311,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F17427\u002Frevisions\u002F36311",[318],{"embeddable":26,"href":319},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F36305",[321],{"href":322},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=17427",[324,326,328,330,332],{"taxonomy":163,"embeddable":26,"href":325},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=17427",{"taxonomy":166,"embeddable":26,"href":327},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=17427",{"taxonomy":169,"embeddable":26,"href":329},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=17427",{"taxonomy":172,"embeddable":26,"href":331},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=17427",{"taxonomy":175,"embeddable":26,"href":333},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=17427",[335],{"name":179,"href":180,"templated":26},[337],{"id":121,"date":338,"date_gmt":339,"guid":340,"modified":342,"modified_gmt":343,"slug":344,"status":13,"type":345,"link":346,"title":347,"content":349,"excerpt":351,"author":353,"featured_media":354,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"template":27,"yst_prominent_words":355,"class_list":356,"better_featured_image":359,"acf":399,"yoast_meta":420,"_links":423},"2021-03-03T21:58:00","2021-03-03T20:58:00",{"rendered":341},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_type=book&p=24762","2024-05-29T23:37:45","2024-05-29T21:37:45","a-guide-to-artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare","book","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fa-guide-to-artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare\u002F",{"rendered":348},"A Guide to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare",{"rendered":350,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>Can we stay human in the\nage of A.I.? To go even further, can we grow in humanity, can we shape a\nmore humane, more equitable and sustainable healthcare?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Our e-book aims to prepare\nhealthcare and medical professionals for the era of human-machine collaboration.\nRead The Medical Futurist’s guide to understanding, anticipating and\ncontrolling artificial intelligence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":352,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Can we stay human in the age of A.I.? To go even further, can we grow in humanity, can we shape a more humane, more equitable 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it on Leanpub",{"yoast_wpseo_title":421,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":422,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":346},"A Guide to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare - The Medical Futurist","The Guide To Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare aims to prepare healthcare and medical professionals for the era of human-machine 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