[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":407},["ShallowReactive",2],{"slug-artificial-intelligence-could-solve-alarm-fatigue-in-hospitals":3},{"post":4,"relatedPosts":186,"relatedBooks":325},{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":29,"categories":30,"tags":33,"project_category":37,"contact_email_category":38,"yst_prominent_words":39,"class_list":60,"better_featured_image":72,"acf":121,"yoast_meta":130,"_links":133},26153,"2020-02-13T10:00:00","2020-02-13T08:00:00",{"rendered":9},"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_id=26153&_wpnonce=75fc0d3138&status=auto-draft&type=post","2020-03-12T13:18:21","2020-03-12T11:18:21","artificial-intelligence-could-solve-alarm-fatigue-in-hospitals","publish","post","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fartificial-intelligence-could-solve-alarm-fatigue-in-hospitals",{"rendered":17},"Artificial Intelligence Could Solve Alarm Fatigue in Hospitals",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>Have you heard of the story of \u003Cem>The Boy Who Cried Wolf\u003C\u002Fem>? It goes something like this: once upon a time, there was a shepherd boy who would cry for help for an impending wolf attack. This was naturally taken seriously by the village’s shepherds who would go on to protect their herd. However, it turns out that the fun-loving boy was just teasing the villagers and there was no wolf in sight. But the problem was, he would do this repeatedly until no one would take him seriously, even on the day when he saw an actual wolf and no one heeded his call for help.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>This analogy aligns very well with what is known as alarm fatigue in the healthcare world. This phenomenon refers to the point when caregivers become desensitized to alarm signs from the myriad of devices emitting a cacophony of beeps all day in the clinical setting. \u003Cstrong>With as many as \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4206416\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong>187 alarms per bed per day\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cstrong>, of which 72% to 99% being \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnurse.org\u002Farticles\u002Falarm-fatigue-statistics-patient-safety\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong>false alarms\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cstrong>, it’s understandable that alarm fatigue came to exist\u003C\u002Fstrong>, with healthcare practitioners at risk of disregarding important alerts which might even be fatal.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>So how bad is alarm \u003C\u002Fstrong>fatigue\u003Cstrong> and how does A.I. come into play?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As the healthcare sector adopts more and more technologies, the increased number of tech-aided devices from ventilators through feeding pumps to vital sign machines will bring along their own alerts for warnings, but the truth is, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3928208\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">most don’t require clinical intervention\u003C\u002Fa> and are due to improper readings resulting from devices and alarms not set up for individual patients.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>For example, patients with a low ECG voltage will trigger unnecessary alarms if the monitor is not adjusted properly. But among the endless bells and chimes from the innumerable devices, how can caregivers discern from those real “cries for wolf” from the false ones? \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Fcacophony-of-alarms-in-hospital.jpg\" alt=\"Hospital alarms\" class=\"wp-image-26155\"\u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Finfograph.venngage.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In fact, there are even so-called “alarm-related deaths”. \u003Cstrong>A study put the related death toll to \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fasa.scitation.org\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1121\u002F1.4950561\" target=\"_blank\">about 200 per year\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fstrong> That’s a considerable amount of deaths that can be attributed to alarms. It’s no wonder that the Emergency Care Research Institute listed “Alarm, Alert, and Notification Overload” as one of its \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Felautoclave.files.wordpress.com\u002F2019\u002F10\u002Fecri-top-10-technology-hazards-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Top 10 Health Technology Hazards for 2020\u003C\u002Fa>. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>When you hear that hospitals have dedicated “alarm committees”, then you can bet that the issue is being taken seriously. But what is being done and what can be done against alarm fatigue?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Manual tweaks\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>There are several steps that have been proposed and undertaken to tackle alarm fatigue. For one, the tried and tested method of cleaning and maintenance of equipment holds true in order to reduce alarms related to malfunctions. Another simple technique is to decrease the alarm’s decibel. By switching cardiac monitor thresholds from “warning” to “crisis”, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eurekalert.org\u002Fpub_releases\u002F2014-01\u002Fbumc-baa011514.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Boston Medical Center\u003C\u002Fa> saw a drop in noise levels from 92 dB to 70 dB and a 89% decrease in audible alarms. Subsequently, it was found that \u003Cstrong>nurses were quicker to respond to patients’ needs\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Another method is to tailor alarm signals of devices to each patient’s needs. For example, by changing the default heart rate settings according to each patient’s condition, the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnurse.org\u002Farticles\u002Falarm-fatigue-statistics-patient-safety\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Boston Medical Center decreased\u003C\u002Fa> the number of alarms from cardiac monitors by 60%. By adopting a similar approach, \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC3928208\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">Johns Hopkins Hospital\u003C\u002Fa> saw a 24%–74% reduction in the number of alarms per bed per day across six units. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarm-fatigue-512x323.png\" alt=\"Alarm Fatigue in Hospitals\" class=\"wp-image-26157\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarm-fatigue-512x323.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarm-fatigue-768x485.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarm-fatigue-1536x970.png 1536w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarm-fatigue-2048x1294.png 2048w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarm-fatigue.png 1710w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.genxys.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>On top of in-house solutions, organisations like the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aami.org\u002Fproductspublications\u002Fpressreleasedetail.aspx?ItemNumber=3620\" target=\"_blank\">Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jointcommission.org\u002Fstandards\u002Fnational-patient-safety-goals\u002Fhospital-2020-national-patient-safety-goals\u002F\" target=\"_blank\">The Joint Commission\u003C\u002Fa> issue recommendations to curb alarm fatigue. However, all of these measures are mostly focused on manually tweaking the existing settings, but A.I. can bypass these measures to offer an equally, if not more, effective solution to combating alarm fatigue.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>Artificial Intelligence jumps into the picture\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>We mentioned that up to 99% of current alarm signals from patient monitoring devices are clinically insignificant. Now imagine hearing 99% fewer alarms but only hearing the one that really requires medical attention. This is the promise that A.I. offers and it has already been put into action.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Researchers have recently developed an A.I. solution to help caregivers cope with the auditory overload. They deployed their reasoning algorithm to analyze a dataset containing patient monitoring data and vital signs recorded during 32 surgical cases, which could then decide whether to group notifications rather than send individual ones so as to prevent alarm fatigue. They published their findings in \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jmir.org\u002F2019\u002F11\u002Fe15406\" target=\"_blank\">a paper\u003C\u002Fa> which showed that \u003Cstrong>their automatic reasoning mechanism helped reduce notifications received by the caregivers by up to 99.3%\u003C\u002Fstrong>! \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>As the authors noted, “nearly all studies assume that a reduction in the number of total alarms and\u002For false alarms will reduce alarm fatigue”. However, the results are still at an experimental stage with more progress required before launching such an A.I. in a clinical setting.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FAI-Alarm-System-512x288.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26159\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FAI-Alarm-System-512x288.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FAI-Alarm-System-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FAI-Alarm-System-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FAI-Alarm-System.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fhbr.org\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Johns Hopkins Hospital on the other hand has developed algorithms for alarm escalation and thresholds to make them more actionable and are already put to use in some of their units. “\u003Cstrong>For example, if a nurse already knows a patient has atrial fibrillation, the alarm doesn’t have to go off each time a non-threatening episode occurs\u003C\u002Fstrong>,” \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.beckershospitalreview.com\u002Fhealthcare-information-technology\u002F5-technology-tools-for-reducing-alarm-fatigue.html\" target=\"_blank\">explained Robert Frank\u003C\u002Fa>, a Clinical Engineer at the institution.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Another great example is the A.I. solution implemented in El Camino Hospital to predict falls that result from alarm fatigue. Developed by Qventus, the program collects data obtained from call lights, bed alarms, and electronic medical records to give a predictive analysis of when a specific patient is likely to fall, which is usually missed by caregivers due to alarm fatigue. \u003Cstrong>This method led to a \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bestpractice.ai\u002Fstudies\u002Fel_camino_hospital_reduces_number_of_patient_falls_by_39_using_machine_learning_to_predict_when_a_patient_is_about_to_fall#\" target=\"_blank\">39% reduction\u003C\u002Fa> in patient falls.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FFalls-due-to-alarm-fatigue-prevention-512x372.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26161\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FFalls-due-to-alarm-fatigue-prevention-512x372.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FFalls-due-to-alarm-fatigue-prevention-768x558.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002FFalls-due-to-alarm-fatigue-prevention.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Such smart alarm systems should become omnipresent in hospitals. By having algorithms evaluate patients’ parameters collected across the plethora of connected devices, they can determine when to really sound the alarm for professional attention. The results are there to show that they can effectively reduce the number of false alarms, thereby slashing alarm fatigue.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>A word of caution\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The authors of the \u003Ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jmir.org\u002F2019\u002F11\u002Fe15406#ref10\" target=\"_blank\">recent paper\u003C\u002Fa> wrote in their closing note that their system is still in an experimental stage and does not consider an important aspect: security. Indeed, this is a crucial issue to factor in while developing such A.I.-driven hospital alarms. They will have to be carefully monitored and developed not to overlook seemingly benign notifications. The researchers mention that their future work will incorporate a false alarm probability label in the notifications that the A.I. sends over, so that caregivers can prioritize their work.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Moreover, with such tools, there is always the lingering threat of a hack which can compromise patient safety. For example, what if a whole unit’s alarm system has been breached, muting all notifications without nurses and doctors even being aware? As such, the \u003Cstrong>A.I. solutions have to be developed in a way to be effective and connected while being secure\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The technology seems to be in its infancy but given the rate of technological advances, it might quickly get adopted. And before that happens, it is crucial to ensure that the solution is as safe as possible.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter size-large\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarms-alarms-alarms-512x306.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26163\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarms-alarms-alarms-512x306.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarms-alarms-alarms-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2020\u002F02\u002Falarms-alarms-alarms.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Source: https:\u002F\u002Fburroughshealthcare.com\u002F\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>The technology might not be widespread yet but with time, A.I. solutions will be incorporated in patient monitors as a built-in “smart alarm system” throughout hospital units. This is likely, given the obvious burden they help take off caregivers’ shoulders, alerting them only when a patient really requires attention and hence, helping make patients the point-of-care. With time, alarm fatigue might find a similar fate to the story of \u003Cem>The Boy Who Cried Wolf\u003C\u002Fem>, relegated as a fable to impart a moral lesson to the younger generation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Have you heard of the story of The Boy Who Cried Wolf? It goes something like this: once upon a time, there was a shepherd […]\u003C\u002Fp>\n",16,26271,"closed",true,"","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,32],504,499,[34,35,36],697,144,279,[],[],[40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59],1659,1639,1661,1641,1663,1643,1665,1645,1667,1647,1669,1649,1671,1651,1673,1653,1675,1655,1677,1657,[61,14,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71],"post-26153","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-healthcare-design","tag-hospital-design","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-hospital",{"id":24,"alt_text":73,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":74,"media_details":75,"post":5,"source_url":120},"alarm 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Fatigue in Hospitals: Can Artificial Intelligence Solve It?","Alarm Fatigue in Hospitals: With 187 alarms per bed per day, of which 72% to 99% being false alarms, it’s understandable that alarm fatigue came to exist",{"self":134,"collection":140,"about":143,"author":146,"replies":149,"version-history":152,"predecessor-version":156,"wp:featuredmedia":160,"wp:attachment":163,"wp:term":166,"curies":182},[135],{"href":136,"targetHints":137},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F26153",{"allow":138},[139],"GET",[141],{"href":142},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts",[144],{"href":145},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fpost",[147],{"embeddable":26,"href":148},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F16",[150],{"embeddable":26,"href":151},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=26153",[153],{"count":154,"href":155},8,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F26153\u002Frevisions",[157],{"id":158,"href":159},26869,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F26153\u002Frevisions\u002F26869",[161],{"embeddable":26,"href":162},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F26271",[164],{"href":165},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=26153",[167,170,173,176,179],{"taxonomy":168,"embeddable":26,"href":169},"category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=26153",{"taxonomy":171,"embeddable":26,"href":172},"post_tag","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=26153",{"taxonomy":174,"embeddable":26,"href":175},"project_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=26153",{"taxonomy":177,"embeddable":26,"href":178},"contact_email_category","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=26153",{"taxonomy":180,"embeddable":26,"href":181},"yst_prominent_words","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=26153",[183],{"name":184,"href":185,"templated":26},"wp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.w.org\u002F{rel}",[187],{"id":129,"date":188,"date_gmt":189,"guid":190,"modified":192,"modified_gmt":193,"slug":194,"status":13,"type":14,"link":195,"title":196,"content":198,"excerpt":200,"author":202,"featured_media":203,"comment_status":204,"ping_status":204,"sticky":26,"template":27,"format":28,"meta":205,"categories":206,"tags":208,"project_category":221,"contact_email_category":222,"yst_prominent_words":223,"class_list":232,"better_featured_image":247,"acf":279,"yoast_meta":280,"_links":282},"2017-07-18T18:00:35","2017-07-18T16:00:35",{"rendered":191},"http:\u002F\u002Fscienceroll.com\u002F?p=10785","2022-05-10T14:28:26","2022-05-10T12:28:26","ibm-watson-is-the-stethoscope-of-the-21st-century","https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fibm-watson-is-the-stethoscope-of-the-21st-century",{"rendered":197},"Artificial Intelligence is the Stethoscope of the 21st Century",{"rendered":199,"protected":20},"\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp style=\"color: #555;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px\">THIS ARTICLE HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED SINCE 2017. THE INFORMATION SHARED IN THE ARTICLE WAS ACCURATE AT THE TIME OF ITS PUBLICATION, BUT IT MAY BE OUT OF DATE NOW. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fmagazine\">BROWSE OUR LATEST ARTICLES HERE\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan data-offset-key=\"aa0sd-0-0\">It took some time for the medical community to accept the stethoscope. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"hardreadability\">\u003Cspan data-offset-key=\"aa0sd-1-0\">It will also take a while to recognize A.I. as a full-fledged health tool – despite its \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan data-offset-key=\"aa0sd-2-0\">vast potential to revolutionize healthcare\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan data-offset-key=\"aa0sd-3-0\">. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"hardreadability\">\u003Cspan data-offset-key=\"aa0sd-4-0\">Yet, it is so powerful that when it will finally take its rightful place in healthcare, it will displace the stethoscope as its symbol\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan data-offset-key=\"aa0sd-5-0\">.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003C!--more-->\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Watson is better in Jeopardy than humans\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>In 2011, people witnessed an interesting competition on the television quiz show Jeopardy. It featured the two best players in the history of the show, Ken Jennings, who had the longest unbeaten run of 74 winning appearances, and Brad Rutter, earner of the biggest prize of $3.25 million. Their opponent was a huge computer with over 750 servers and a cooling system stored at a location so as not to disturb the players. The room–sized machine was made by IBM and named after the company’s founder, Thomas J. Watson. It did not smile or show emotion, but it kept on giving good answers. At the end, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ibm.com\u002Fsmarterplanet\u002Fus\u002Fen\u002Fibmwatson\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Watson\u003C\u002Fa> won the game with $77,147 leaving Rutter and Jennings with $21,600 and $24,000 respectively. It left the audience in shock and awe at the same time.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Cognitive computers have been developing rapidly\u003C\u002Fstrong> over the last few years following \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F2014\u002F10\u002Ffuture-of-artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">three technological breakthroughs\u003C\u002Fa>. One is cheap parallel computation due to a new kind of chip called a graphics processing unit (GPU). The second one is accessible big data due to massive databases, web cookies, wearable devices and decades of search results. The third one is building better algorithms due to the services of Netflix, Google, Amazon and the others.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson_jeopardy.jpg\" alt=\"A.I. stethoscope of the 21st century\" class=\"wp-image-16028\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson_jeopardy.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson_jeopardy-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson_jeopardy-512x343.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson_jeopardy-374x250.jpg 374w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do we have to fear cognitive computers taking our jobs?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Some started to contemplate about how A.I. would replace many jobs, overtake the human race in thinking. \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Ftechnology-30290540\">Stephen Hawking even said that\u003C\u002Fa> the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. Elon Musk agreed.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>However, it is not inevitable that the use of A.I. leads to the loss of the human touch. In 1997, IBM’s supercomputer Deep Blue could beat Garry Kasparov, the reigning chess grand master that time. He said he could have performed better if he had access to the same databases as Deep Blue. So later, freestyle matches were organized in which supercomputers could play against human chess players assisted by AI (they were called human\u002FAI centaurs). Guess what! In 2014 in a Freestyle Battle, the AI chess players won 42 games, but centaurs won 53 games. The best potential pair is a human with technology. \u003Cstrong>This is the only balance that can lead to a positive future\u003C\u002Fstrong> with more and more disruptive innovations including ever-improving cognitive computing but an also ever-improving human intelligence and wisdom. This is the winning combination.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cfigure class=\"aligncenter\">\u003Ca class=\"img\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fkasparov.jpg\"\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fkasparov.jpg\" alt=\"Garry Kasparov & A.I.\" class=\"wp-image-12302\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fkasparov.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fkasparov-768x493.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fkasparov-512x329.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fkasparov-389x250.jpg 389w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cfigcaption>Garry Kasparov ponders his chess moves during his third game with IBM’s Deep Blue Tuesday, Feb.13, 1996 at the Convention Center in Philadelphia. Wednesday’s game ended in a draw, but Kasparov ended up winning the final game and series 4-2 against the supercomputer. “Fighting this computer has changed the way I–and I imagine most others–will approach the game in the future,” he said after winning the final game Saturday night. (AP Photo\u002FGeorge Widman)\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From Stethoscope to Cognitive Computers\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>People don’t like change. It is not any different in healthcare. It took plenty of time until the stethoscope, the symbol of healthcare was accepted by the medical community back in the 19th century. The instrument was \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FStethoscope#History\">invented by French physician René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec\u003C\u002Fa>, who published its description in 1819, but it took several decades until doctors actually started using it.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>I don’t expect any difference with A.I. After many of my talks, physician colleagues ask me whether artificial intelligence might replace them in their jobs and whether algorithms can eventually become better at making diagnoses. Both will happen but not the way they imagine it. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fartificial-intelligence-will-redesign-healthcare\u002F\">Huge waves are coming to healthcare to transform the job of physicians\u003C\u002Fa> into something distinctly different than before. Although some of their tasks will be taken over by A.I., they will have more time for others, for example, deal with patients with real care and patience. Doctors will not have to struggle with being up-to-date in medical research, with administrative tasks, with consultation or making notes. They do not have to have a headache about how to choose the best therapy.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Cognitive computers will help physicians diagnose much better –  the same way stethoscope could change the medical profession\u003C\u002Fstrong> from the early 19th century on; when a wooden tube working like an ear trumpet could make doctors listen to cardiac and lung sounds at the point of care.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fhealthcare_ai.jpg\" alt=\"A.I. stethoscope\" class=\"wp-image-16030\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fhealthcare_ai.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fhealthcare_ai-768x494.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fhealthcare_ai-512x330.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fhealthcare_ai-389x250.jpg 389w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Cstrong>A.I. will open a new dimension for healthcare\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>What even the most acclaimed professors know cannot match cognitive computers. As the amount of information they accumulate grows exponentially, the assistance of computing solutions in medical decisions is imminent. A.I. will open new dimensions for doctors on the personal level as well as for hospitals and other medical institutions on the structural level.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>On the institutional level, the most obvious use of A.I. will be data management. Collecting it, storing it, normalizing it, tracing its lineage – it is the first step in revolutionizing the existing healthcare systems. Recently, the AI research branch of the search giant, Google, launched its Google Deepmind Health project, which is used to mine the data of medical records in order to provide better and faster health services.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>It could also analyze entire healthcare systems. For example, 97 percent of healthcare invoices in the Netherlands are digital containing data regarding the treatment, the doctor, and the hospital. These invoices could be easily retrieved. A local company, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zorgprismapubliek.nl\u002F\">Zorgprisma Publiek\u003C\u002Fa> analyzes the invoices and uses IBM Watson in the cloud to mine the data. They can tell if a doctor, clinic or hospital makes mistakes repetitively in treating a certain type of condition in order to help them improve and avoid unnecessary hospitalizations of patients.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cp>[subscribe image=”false” type=”article-horizontal”]Subscribe to\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cb>The Medical Futurist℠ Newsletter\u003C\u002Fb>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>News shaping the future of healthcare\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Advice on taking charge of your health\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Reviews of the latest health technology\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>[\u002Fsubscribe]\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A.I. will help doctors in previously unimaginable ways\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Precision medicine, targeted treatments, and personalized solutions: these are the buzzwords in current healthcare – and not by chance. A.I. will help physicians work out the best therapies for their patients. IBM has already taken the first steps. Watson launched its special program \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ibm.com\u002Fwatson\u002Fwatson-oncology.html\">for oncologists\u003C\u002Fa> – and I interviewed one of the professors working with it – which is able to provide clinicians evidence-based treatment options.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Moreover, A.I. has the potential to eliminate hideous tasks, such as administrative or repetitive work. For example, IBM’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fresearcher.watson.ibm.com\u002Fresearcher\u002Fview_group.php?id=4384\">Medical Sieve\u003C\u002Fa> will become the next generation “cognitive assistant” with analytical, reasoning capabilities and a wide range of clinical knowledge. The algorithm will be qualified to assist in clinical decision making in radiology and cardiology. A.I. assistants could also look up relevant medical information and keep doctors up-to-date in clinical research. IBM has the capacity to scan through millions of pages in seconds. Imagine the possibilities that lie ahead of us!\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Moreover, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002F10-things-how-artificial-intelligence-could-make-me-a-better-doctor\u002F\">A.I. could eradicate waiting time\u003C\u002Fa> by optimizing both physicians’ and patients’ schedules. It could prioritize doctors’ emails so as the most urgent messages would reach them in time. It could also help patients sort out their simpler medical issues thus reducing the burden on doctors. If you look at all the advantages of A.I., your question will only be when it will finally reach our hospitals and why it is not there already.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai_health-infrastructure.jpg\" alt=\"A.I. stethoscope\" class=\"wp-image-16031\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai_health-infrastructure.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai_health-infrastructure-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai_health-infrastructure-512x256.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai_health-infrastructure-458x229.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A.I. will augment clinical practice\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>There are already certain places where A.I. is tested. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdeepmind.com\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Google DeepMind\u003C\u002Fa> already launched a partnership with the UK’s National Health Service to improve the process of delivering care with digital solutions. In June 2017,\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2017\u002F06\u002F22\u002Fdeepmind-health-inks-another-5-year-nhs-app-deal-in-face-of-ongoing-controversy\u002F\"> DeepMind expanded its services – first of all, its data management app, Streams, to another UK hospital\u003C\u002Fa>. This expansion comes despite ongoing \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2016\u002F05\u002F04\u002Fconcerns-raised-over-broad-scope-of-deepmind-nhs-health-data-sharing-deal\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversy over the company’s first NHS data-sharing agreement\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Google DeepMind’s number one competitor, IBM Watson is used at the Alder Hey Children’s Hospital \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.stfc.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Falder-hey-children-s-hospital-set-to-become-uk-s-first-cognitive-hospital\u002F\">as part of a science and technology facilities council project being run by the Hartree Centre\u003C\u002Fa>. Dr. Iain Hennessey, Clinical Director of Innovation \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fwhat-is-using-ibm-watson-in-medicine-like\u002F\">told me\u003C\u002Fa>, t\u003Cem>he UK is spending £300 million pounds to develop its capabilities in this area and they are one of the first use cases.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"870\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson-for-oncology.jpg\" alt=\"A.I. stethoscope\" class=\"wp-image-16033\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson-for-oncology.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson-for-oncology-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson-for-oncology-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson-for-oncology-512x288.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fwatson-for-oncology-445x250.jpg 445w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>I also talked to Martijn G.H. Van Oijen, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor at the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam about Watson. As a clinical epidemiologist, he worked with IBM Watson for Oncology in preparation for a research proposal studying the role of Digital Decision Support tools. With several clinical colleagues of the department of Medical Oncology, they studied Watson for Oncology’s approach in approximately 400 surrogate patients with breast, lung or colorectal cancer. He believes that Watson for Oncology could result in a reduction of costs and efforts.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>They both agreed that AI cannot be a substitute for communication. \u003Cem>Right now, the technology is in its infancy, but improving all the time\u003C\u002Fem>, said Hennessey. My prediction is that it will gradually appear in more and more hospitals and get through the initial phase very quickly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What can we do to facilitate change?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\u003Cp>Although A.I. is coming as fast as Daenerys Targaryen to Westeros, it will need the medical community’s understanding, initiative and drive for a better healthcare in order to work its best. If we introduced A.I. everywhere from Bolivia to Harvard, healthcare would not change a bit. There are many reasons for it and every stakeholder in healthcare should play its part to improve those elements.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-16032 size-full\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-in-medicine.jpg\" alt=\"A.I. stethoscope\" width=\"1910\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-in-medicine.jpg 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-in-medicine-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-in-medicine-512x268.jpg 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-in-medicine-458x240.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1910px) 100vw, 1910px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Medical professionals\u003C\u002Fstrong> should acquire basic knowledge about how AI works in a medical setting in order to understand how such solutions might help them in their everyday job. They also need to constantly think about where automation could let their jobs do better.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Decision makers\u003C\u002Fstrong> at healthcare institutions should do everything to be able to measure the success and the effectiveness of the system. This is the only way to assess the quality of AI’s help in medical decision making.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Companies\u003C\u002Fstrong> such as IBM should communicate even more towards the general public about the potential advantages and risks of using AI in medicine – and sort out data privacy issues such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2017\u002F06\u002F22\u002Fdeepmind-health-inks-another-5-year-nhs-app-deal-in-face-of-ongoing-controversy\u002F\">the recent concerns with the NHS\u003C\u002Fa>!\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Non-English speaking countries should invest in \u003Cstrong>natural language processing\u003C\u002Fstrong> (NLP). If the patient information is not in English, A.I. needs to understand the content and context of the structured and unstructured information in that language.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>Artificial intelligence will become the stethoscope of the 21st century, but it can only do its best when there is a wide cooperation between technology and the medical community. Let’s make it happen together!\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Ca class=\"img\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedicalfuturist.com\u002Fhealthcare-speaker\u002F\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-16040 size-full\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002F1712507217.rsc.cdn77.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Funnamed.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1703\" height=\"529\"\u003C\u002Fa srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Funnamed.png 870w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Funnamed-768x238.png 768w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Funnamed-512x159.png 512w, https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Funnamed-458x142.png 458w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1703px) 100vw, 1703px\" \u002F>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\n\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #eee; border-top: 4px solid #444;\" cellpadding=\"10px\">\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd style=\"width: 100%;\">\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>At The Medical Futurist, we are building a community for making a bold vision about the future of healthcare reality today.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FFIbMejImnxs\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\u003C\u002Fiframe>\n\u003Cp>If you’d like to support this mission, we invite you to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">join The Medical Futurist Patreon Community\u003C\u002Fa>. A community of empowered patients, future-oriented healthcare professionals, concerned health policymakers, sensible health tech developers, and enthusiastic medical students. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our research and sustains our future.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patreon.com\u002Fthemedicalfuturist\">\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: #e71d3299; color: #000;\">Click here to support The Medical Futurist from as little as $3\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa> – it only takes a minute. Thank you.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":201,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>It took some time for the medical community to accept the stethoscope. It will also take a while to recognize A.I. as a full-fledged health tool – despite its vast potential to revolutionize healthcare. Yet, it is so powerful that when it will finally take its rightful place in healthcare, it will displace the stethoscope as its symbol.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",6,16038,"open",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":27},[31,207,32],521,[209,35,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220],425,179,246,517,272,275,282,304,313,355,419,134,[],[],[224,225,226,227,42,228,229,230,231],1883,2699,3037,1593,1683,1715,1723,1729,[233,14,62,63,64,65,66,67,234,68,235,70,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246],"post-10785","category-future-medicine","tag-technology-2","tag-cognitive-computer","tag-future","tag-gc1","tag-health-20","tag-healthcare","tag-ibm-watson","tag-medical","tag-medicine","tag-personalized-medicine","tag-stethoscope","tag-ai",{"id":203,"alt_text":248,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":74,"media_details":249,"post":129,"source_url":278},"A.I. stethoscope",{"width":250,"height":251,"file":252,"sizes":253,"image_meta":276},870,579,"2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope.jpg",{"medium":254,"large":258,"thumbnail":262,"medium_large":265,"large_old_512x341":266,"medium_old_375x250":271},{"file":255,"width":82,"height":83,"mime-type":256,"source_url":257},"ai-stethoscope-370x208.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope-370x208.jpg",{"file":259,"width":88,"height":260,"mime-type":256,"source_url":261},"ai-stethoscope-768x511.jpg",511,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope-768x511.jpg",{"file":263,"width":93,"height":93,"mime-type":256,"source_url":264},"ai-stethoscope-150x150.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope-150x150.jpg",{"file":259,"width":88,"height":260,"mime-type":256,"source_url":261},{"file":267,"width":268,"height":269,"mime-type":256,"source_url":270},"ai-stethoscope-512x341.jpg",512,341,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope-512x341.jpg",{"file":272,"width":273,"height":274,"mime-type":256,"source_url":275},"ai-stethoscope-375x250.jpg",375,250,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope-375x250.jpg",{"aperture":118,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":118,"copyright":27,"focal_length":118,"iso":118,"shutter_speed":118,"title":27,"orientation":118,"keywords":277},[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2014\u002F11\u002Fai-stethoscope.jpg",{"cta_type":27,"cta_color":27,"subtitle":27,"related_books":20,"related_posts_footer":20,"related_posts":20},{"yoast_wpseo_title":281,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":27,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":195},"Artificial Intelligence is the Stethoscope of the 21st Century - The Medical Futurist",{"self":283,"collection":288,"about":290,"author":292,"replies":295,"version-history":298,"predecessor-version":302,"wp:featuredmedia":306,"wp:attachment":309,"wp:term":312,"curies":323},[284],{"href":285,"targetHints":286},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F10785",{"allow":287},[139],[289],{"href":142},[291],{"href":145},[293],{"embeddable":26,"href":294},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F6",[296],{"embeddable":26,"href":297},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=10785",[299],{"count":300,"href":301},26,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F10785\u002Frevisions",[303],{"id":304,"href":305},44679,"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fposts\u002F10785\u002Frevisions\u002F44679",[307],{"embeddable":26,"href":308},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F16038",[310],{"href":311},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=10785",[313,315,317,319,321],{"taxonomy":168,"embeddable":26,"href":314},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcategories?post=10785",{"taxonomy":171,"embeddable":26,"href":316},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftags?post=10785",{"taxonomy":174,"embeddable":26,"href":318},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fproject_category?post=10785",{"taxonomy":177,"embeddable":26,"href":320},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcontact_email_category?post=10785",{"taxonomy":180,"embeddable":26,"href":322},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=10785",[324],{"name":184,"href":185,"templated":26},[326],{"id":126,"date":327,"date_gmt":328,"guid":329,"modified":331,"modified_gmt":332,"slug":333,"status":13,"type":334,"link":335,"title":336,"content":338,"excerpt":340,"author":342,"featured_media":343,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"template":27,"yst_prominent_words":344,"class_list":348,"better_featured_image":351,"acf":370,"yoast_meta":376,"_links":378},"2019-09-06T22:01:25","2019-09-06T20:01:25",{"rendered":330},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002F?post_type=book&p=24765","2023-03-12T18:12:53","2023-03-12T17:12:53","the-guide-to-the-future-of-medicine","book","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fthe-guide-to-the-future-of-medicine\u002F",{"rendered":337},"Guide to the Future of Medicine: Technology & Human Touch",{"rendered":339,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>The Guide to the Future of Medicine provides an eye-opening, reassuring and accessible roadmap to tomorrow’s potential. By preparing for the inevitable waves of change, you can make informed decisions about how technology will shape your personal well-being or your business environment, and stay healthy and afloat amidst the waves of change.\u003C\u002Fp>\n",{"rendered":341,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>The Guide to the Future of Medicine provides an eye-opening, reassuring and accessible roadmap to tomorrow’s potential. By preparing for the inevitable waves of change, […]\u003C\u002Fp>\n",10,49975,[345,346,347],3607,2707,4027,[349,334,350,63,65,66],"post-24765","type-book",{"id":343,"alt_text":27,"caption":27,"description":27,"media_type":74,"media_details":352,"post":126,"source_url":369},{"width":353,"height":354,"file":355,"filesize":356,"sizes":357,"image_meta":366},320,414,"2019\u002F09\u002Fguide-to-the-future-of-medicine-1.jpeg",17811,{"medium":358,"thumbnail":362},{"file":359,"width":353,"height":83,"mime-type":256,"filesize":360,"source_url":361},"guide-to-the-future-of-medicine-1-320x208.jpeg",12054,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002Fguide-to-the-future-of-medicine-1-320x208.jpeg",{"file":363,"width":93,"height":93,"mime-type":256,"filesize":364,"source_url":365},"guide-to-the-future-of-medicine-1-150x150.jpeg",5386,"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002Fguide-to-the-future-of-medicine-1-150x150.jpeg",{"aperture":118,"credit":27,"camera":27,"caption":27,"created_timestamp":118,"copyright":27,"focal_length":118,"iso":118,"shutter_speed":118,"title":27,"orientation":367,"keywords":368},"1",[],"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002Fguide-to-the-future-of-medicine-1.jpeg",{"leanpub_url":371,"buy_button_text":372,"preview":373},"https:\u002F\u002Famzn.to\u002F1w0O3sx","Get it on Amazon",[374],{"image":375},"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2019\u002F09\u002Fguide-to-the-future-of-medicine.jpeg",{"yoast_wpseo_title":377,"yoast_wpseo_metadesc":27,"yoast_wpseo_canonical":335},"Guide to the Future of Medicine: Technology & Human Touch - The Medical Futurist",{"self":379,"collection":384,"about":387,"author":390,"replies":393,"wp:featuredmedia":396,"wp:attachment":399,"wp:term":402,"curies":405},[380],{"href":381,"targetHints":382},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fbook\u002F24765",{"allow":383},[139],[385],{"href":386},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fbook",[388],{"href":389},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Ftypes\u002Fbook",[391],{"embeddable":26,"href":392},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fusers\u002F10",[394],{"embeddable":26,"href":395},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fcomments?post=24765",[397],{"embeddable":26,"href":398},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia\u002F49975",[400],{"href":401},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fmedia?parent=24765",[403],{"taxonomy":180,"embeddable":26,"href":404},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.medicalfuturist.com\u002Fwp-json\u002Fwp\u002Fv2\u002Fyst_prominent_words?post=24765",[406],{"name":184,"href":185,"templated":26},1790254572515]